Hardy spaces and bmo on manifolds with bounded geometry (Q1032607)

The author develops a unified theory of the localized Hardy space \(h^1(M)\) and localized John-Nirenberg space \(\text{bmo}(M)\) when \(M\) is a complete Riemannian manifold with bounded geometry. Precisely, assume that there exists \(R_0\in(0, \infty)\) such that for each \(p\in M\), the exponential map \(\text{Exp}_{p}:\;T_pM\to M\) has the property that \(\text{Exp}_p:\;B_{R_0}(0)\to B_{R_0}(p)\) diffeomorphically, where \(B_{R_0}(0)\equiv\{z\in{\mathbb R}^n: |z|<R_0\}\), \(B_{R_0}(p)\equiv\{x\in M:\, d(x, p)<R_0\}\) and \(d(x,p)\) denotes the distance from \(x\) to \(p\). Furthermore, assume that the pull-back of the metric tensor from \(B_{R_0}(p)\subset M\) to \(B_{R_0}(0)\subset T_pM\), identified with \(B_{R_0}\subset {\mathbb R}^n\) (\(n=\dim M\)), uniquely to an element of \(O(n)\), furnishes a collection of \(n\times n\) matrices, \(G_p(x)= (g^p_{jk}(x))\), satisfying that \(\{G_p:\, p\in M\} \text{\,is\, bounded\, in\,} C^\infty(B_{R_0}(0),\, \text{End}({\mathbb R}^n))\). Moreover, suppose that for all \(p\in M\), \(x\in B_{R_0}(0)\), \(\xi\in{\mathbb R}^n\), \(\xi\cdot G_p(x)\xi\geq \frac12|\xi|^2\) and \(B_{R_0}(p)\) is geodesically convex. In this paper, the author introduces the spaces \(h^1(M)\) and \(\text{bmo}(M)\) and establishes the duality between \(h^1(M)\) and \(\text{bmo}(M)\), and the atomic characterization of \(h^1(M)\). Notice that it is problematic to produce a unified theory of the spaces \(H^1(M)\) and \(\text{BMO}(M)\) in this setting, since balls of large radius grow too rapidly in volume, and by the known work of \textit{C.\,Fefferman} and \textit{E.\,M.\thinspace Stein} [Acta Math.\ 129, 137--193 (1972; Zbl 0257.46078)] and \textit{A.\,D.\thinspace Ionescu} [J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 174, No.\,2, 274--300 (2000; Zbl 0962.43004)], it is difficult to find a unified definition of \(\text{BMO}(M)\) which covers both \(M={\mathbb R}^n\) and \(M= H^n\), the \(n\)-dimensional hyperbolic space. The author also introduces the \(L^p\)-Sobolev space \(H^{s,\,p}(M)\), Hardy-Sobolev space \(h^{s,\, 1}(M)\) and bmo-Sobolev spaces \(h^{s,\,\infty}(M)\) and considers the action of a natural class \(\Psi^m_W(M)\) of pseudodifferential operators on \(M\), where \(W<\sqrt{t}\) and \(m\in{\mathbb R}\) on these spaces, including a natural class of functions of the Laplace operator, in a setting that unifies these results with results on \(L^p\)-Sobolev spaces. The author applies results on these topics to some interpolation theorems, motivated in part by the search for dispersive estimates for wave equations. Recall that when \({\mathcal X}\) is a space of homogeneous type with the additional property that a reverse doubling property holds, characterizations of local Hardy space \(h^1(\mathcal X)\) and \(\text{bmo}({\mathcal X})\) via the Littlewood-Paley \(g\)-function were established by \textit{Y.-S.\thinspace Han, D.\,Müller} and the reviewer [Abstr.\ Appl.\ Anal.\ 2008, Article ID 893409 (2008; Zbl 1193.46018)]. Also, when \(\mu\) is a nonnegative Radon measure on \({\mathbb R}^n\) which only satisfies a polynomial growth condition, a local atomic Hardy space \({h_{\text{atb}}^1(\mu)}\) and a local BMO-type space \(\text{rbmo}(\mu)\) were introduced by \textit{G.-E.\thinspace Hu}, the reviewer and \textit{D.-Y.\thinspace Yang} [Rev.\ Mat.\ Iberoam.\ 25, No.\,2, 595--667 (2009; Zbl 1179.42018)].