On the ternary Goldbach problem with primes in arithmetic progressions having a common modulus (Q1032676)

For integers \(n, k, b_1, b_2, b_3\) put \[ J_{k; b_1, b_2, b_3}(n) = \underset{m_i\equiv b_i\;(k)} {\sum_{m_1+m_2+m_3=n}} \Lambda(m_1)\Lambda(m_2)\Lambda(m_3). \] The author shows that for any \(A, \epsilon>0\), \(n>n_0(A, \varepsilon)\) and \(D<n^{1/5-\varepsilon}\) we have \[ \sum_{k<D}\frac{k}{\varphi(k)^2}{\sum_{b_1, b_2, b_3}}^*\Big|J_{k; b_1, b_2, b_3}(n) - \frac{n^2}{k^2}\mathfrak{S}(n, k)\Big| \ll \frac{n^2}{\log^A n}, \] where \(\sum^*\) denotes summation over triples \((b_1, b_2, b_3)\) satisfying the obvious conditions \((b_1b_2b_3, k)=1\) and \(b_1+b_2+b_3\equiv n\pmod{k}\), and \(\mathfrak{S}(n, k)\) denotes the singular series. The proof uses the circle method. On the minor arcs the contribution of the exponential sum is bounded by applying the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality to the sum over \(b_1\), expanding the square and estimating the resulting expressions using Vaughan's identity.