Homomorphisms on real-valued little Lipschitz function spaces (Q1032930)

Let \({(X,d)}\) be a metric space. By \(\text{Lip}(X,d)\), denote the real Banach algebra of all bounded Lipschitz functions \({f:X\to\mathbb R}\) with the norm \({\|f\|_d=\|f\|_\infty + L_d(f)}\), where \[ L_d(f)= \sup\{|f(x)-f(y)|/d(x,y): x,y\in X, x\neq y\}. \] By \(\text{lip}(X,d)\), denote the closed subalgebra of \(\text{Lip}(X,d)\) formed by all functions \(f\), known as little Lipschitz functions, satisfying the property that \[ \forall\varepsilon>0,\;\exists\delta>0:\;d(x,y)\leq \delta\Rightarrow \;|f(x)-f(y)|\leq \varepsilon\cdot d(x,y). \] Besides its vector structure, \(\text{Lip}(X,d)\) has a rich lattice structure under the pointwise order; and \(\text{lip}(X,d)\) is a sublattice of \(\text{Lip}(X,d)\). In the paper under review, the authors study vector lattice homomorphisms \(T:\text{lip}(X,d^\alpha_X)\to \text{lip}(X,d^\alpha_Y)\) that are not necessarily bijective. The authors obtain the general form of such maps. Theorem 7. Let \({(X,d_X)}\) and \({(Y,d_Y)}\) be compact metric spaces, let \({\alpha\in (0, 1)}\) and let \(T\) be a nonzero vector lattice homomorphism from \(\text{lip}(X,d^\alpha_X)\) into \(\text{lip}(Y,d^\alpha_Y)\). Then there exist a unique nonempty open set \({Y_c\subset Y}\), a unique nonvanishing positive function \({\tau\in \text{lip}(Y,d^\alpha_Y)}\) and a unique locally Lipschitz map \({\varphi: Y_c\to X}\) such that, for all \({f\in \text{lip}(X,d^\alpha_X)}\), \[ T(f)(y)=\begin{cases} \tau(y)f(\varphi(y)) &\text{if }y\in Y_c,\\ 0 &\text{if } y\in Y\setminus Y_c.\end{cases} \] A similar representation theorem is obtained for ring homomorphisms between spaces \(\text{lip}(X,d^\alpha_X)\).