Basis of graded identities of the superalgebra \(M_{1,2}(F)\). (Q1033954)

The paper under review is an important step towards the better understanding of the ordinary and graded polynomial identities of matrices and important algebras related with them in the PI-theory. The author studies the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-graded polynomial identities of the matrix superalgebra \(\text{Mat}_{k,l}(F)\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. As a vector space \(\text{Mat}_{k,l}(F)\) coincides with the \((k+l)\times(k+l)\) matrix algebra \(M_{k+l}(F)\) considered as consisting of \(2\times 2\) block matrices. Its even component consists of two consecutive blocks of size \(k\times k\) and \(l\times l\) on the diagonal and the odd part consists of blocks on the other diagonal. The first result describes the graded identities of the unitary algebra \(\text{Mat}_{1,\infty}(F)\) of matrices with finite number of nonzero entries. The author presents a basis of the graded polynomial identities of \(\text{Mat}_{1,\infty}(F)\) consisting of 6 identities of degree 5. Then he describes the polynomial identities depending on odd variables for the algebra \(\text{Mat}_{1,n}(F)\). One has to add the Capelli identity in \(n+1\) skew-symmetric variables to the list of 6 identities for \(\text{Mat}_{1,\infty}(F)\) and to take the part of their consequences depending on odd variables only. The next result establishes a relationship between the graded identities of the superalgebra \(\text{Mat}_{1,2}(F)\) and the trace identities for the algebra \(M_2(F)\). The main result gives an explicit basis of the graded identities of \(\text{Mat}_{1,2}(F)\). All graded identities follow from the 6 identities of \(\text{Mat}_{1,\infty}(F)\), the Capelli identity in 3 skew-symmetric variables (and depending on 5 odd variables), 6 more identities of degree 4, 5 and 6, and their images under the involution which inverses the order of the variables in the monomials. Using the relationship between identities of a given algebra and its Grassmann envelope, as an immediate consequence the author obtains a basis of the graded identities of the subalgebra \(M_{2,1}\) of the \(3\times 3\) matrix algebra \(M_3(G)\) with entries from the Grassmann algebra \(G\). As it is known, the polynomial identities of the algebras \(M_n(F)\), \(M_{k,l}\) and \(M_n(G)\) are the building blocks of the polynomial identities of any PI-algebra.