On the closing lemma problem for the torus (Q1034182)

The author provides an interesting contribution to the \(C^r\) closing lemma, an old problem in topological dynamics that was listed by Smale in 2000 as one of the ``problems for the next century'', see \textit{S. Smale} [Math. Intell. 20, No.~2, 7--15 (1998; Zbl 0947.01011)]. In particular he proves the following main result: Theorem. Let \(r\geq 4\) and let \(X\) be a \(C^r\) vector field on \(\mathbb T^2\) with finitely many singularities, all hyperbolic, and suppose the divergence is zero at each saddle. Then for any non-trivially recurrent point \(p\), there exists a loop \(\Sigma\) through \(p\) and transverse to \(X\) such that any 1-parameter family of \(C^r\)-twist perturbations along \(\Sigma\) contains closing perturbations for \(p\) that are arbitrarily \(C^r\) near to \(X\). We recall some basic definitions in order to state other important results in the paper. Let us fix a vector field, \(X\), on \(\mathbb T^2\) admitting a quasiminimal set \(Q\), i.e. the closure of a non trivial recurrent trajectory. A cell is a maximal open connected invariant set \(C\) such that the limit sets \(\omega(x)\) and \(\alpha(x)\) are independent of \(x\in C\). \(C\) is said to be a grey cell if it lies in the complement of \(Q\) and satisfies \(\omega(x) =\alpha(x) = Q\) for any \(x\in C\). A black cell is a cell disjoint from \(Q\) that has a limit set other than \(Q\). \(X\) is said to have co-directed black cells if there are not two cells, \(C_1\) and \(C_2\), such that \(\omega(c_1)=\alpha(c_2)=Q\) for any \(c_1\in C_1\) and \(c_2\in C_2\). Given a function, \(g : U\to R\), the variation of \(g\) is defined by \[ \text{var}_U(g) = \sup\bigg\{ \sum_{i=1}^n |g(x_i') -g(x_i)| \bigg\}, \] where the supremum is taken over all finite collections \(\{(x_i,x_i')\}_{i=1}^n\) of pairwise disjoint open subintervals. We finally introduce the remaining main results of the paper used in the proof of the previous one. {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1)] Let \(f : \S^1\to \S^1\) be an order-preserving map of the circle that is \(C^1\) except possibly at a finite number of points, and suppose \(\text{var}_{\text{supp}(Df)} \log D f\) is finite. Then \(f\) has either no forward wandering intervals, or else no backward wandering intervals. \item[2)] Let \(r\geq 4\) and let \(X\) be a \(C^r\) vector field on \(\mathbb T^2\) with a non-trivially recurrent point \(x\). Suppose that \(X\) has at most finitely many singularities, all hyperbolic, and that the divergence is zero at each saddle point. Then \(X\) has no grey cells and any black cells are co-directed. \end{itemize}}