On the classification of complex tori arising from real abelian surfaces (Q1034941)

Let \(A'\) be an Abelian surface over \(\mathbb{R}\) and denote by \(A\) its complexification. The author defines an intrinsic volume \(\text{vol}(A)\), and proves that the following attributes of \(A\) are more or less determined by the rank of \(\text{End}(A)\) and the rationality of \(\text{vol}(A)\): the infinitude of the set \(\mathcal{B}\) of elliptic curves \(B \subset A\) defined over \(\mathbb{R}\) with the neutral element \(e_B\) being equal to \(e_A\), the bijectivity of the natural mapping \(\Phi : \mathcal{B} \to \mathcal{G}\) given by \(\Phi(B):=B(\mathbb{R})^\circ\) where \(\mathcal{G}\) is the set of compact real Lie subgroups of \(A(\mathbb{R})^\circ\), the Picard number, whether it has complex/real multiplication, and simplicity over the real or the complex. Let \(A\) be a complex Abelian variety of dimension \(g\), which is defined over \(\mathbb{R}\). Let \(\text{End}(A')\) and \(\text{End}(A)\) denote the rings of endomorphisms on \(A'\) and \(A\), respectively, and let \(F\) denote \(\text{End}(A) \otimes\mathbb{Q}\). Let us define the volume \(\text{vol}(A)\). If \(\mathcal{T}_A\) denotes the Lie algebra of \(T:=A(\mathbb{C})\), we have the analytic isomorphism \(\mathcal{T}_A(\mathbb{C})/\Lambda \cong T\). As \(\mathcal{T}_A\) inherits a real structure from \(A\), there is a maximal sublattice \(\Lambda_*\) of \(\Lambda\) such that \(\Lambda_* = \Lambda_1 \oplus \Lambda_2\) with \(\Lambda_1 \subset \mathcal{T}_A(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\Lambda_2 \subset i\cdot\mathcal{T}_A(\mathbb{R})\). Let \(\omega_1,\dots,\omega_{2g}\) be a basis of \(\Lambda_*\) over \(\mathbb{Z}\) such that the first half of the elements of the basis belong to \(\Lambda_1\), and the second half, to \(\Lambda_2\). If \(M\) is a real-valued matrix representing \((\omega_1,\dots,\omega_{2g})\) with respect to the basis \(\omega_1,\dots,\omega_{g},i\omega_1,\dots,i\omega_{g}\), we define \(\text{vol}(A):=| \det(M)|\). Let \(\chi : \mathbb{R}\to \{0,1\}\) be the function which vanishes precisely at irrational numbers. The author's main theorem exhibits a table which asserts that there are seven possibilities for the pairs \((\chi(\text{vol}(A)), [F:\mathbb{Q}])\), and that each possibility of the pairs more or less determines the values of the other attributes. The seven possibilities are \[ \{ (0,4),(0,3),(0,2),(0,1),(1,2),(1,4),(1,8) \}. \] For example, If \(\text{vol}(A)\) is rational, and \([F:\mathbb{Q}]=8\), then \(\mathcal{B}\) is infinite, \(\Phi\) is bijective, the Picard number is \(4\), it has both complex and real multiplication, and neither \(A\) nor \(A'\) is simple. The reviewer would like to mention that the article also contains a nice overview of some known results on real abelian varieties.