Lattice gas model in random medium and open boundaries: Hydrodynamic and relaxation to the steady state (Q1035818)

The interaction of a lattice gas is considered evolving to local conservative dynamics with hard core exclusion rule and with rates depending on a quenched random field in a cylinder domain of dimension \(d\geq3\). The random field is given by (so-called ``i.i.d.'') bounded random variables in a bounded domain. The system is assumed to be in contact with particles reservoirs at different densities. The rates of the interaction are chosen so that the system satisfies a detailed balance condition with respect to a family of random Bernoulli measures. To model the presence of the reservoirs, at the boundaries a birth-and-death process is superimposed to the local-conservative dynamics. There is a flow of density through the full system, and the full dynamics is not reversible. For the model, the hydrodynamic limit dealing simultaneously both with the randomness of the rates and with the open boundary conditions is derived. It is shown that the rescaled empirical density field almost surely, with respect to the random field, converges to the unique weak solution of a quasilinear parabolic equation having the diffusion matrix determined by the statistical properties of the external random field and boundary conditions determined by the density of the reservoir. Further it is shown that the rescaled empirical density field, in the stationary regime, almost surely with respect to the random field, converges to the solution of the associated stationary transport equation. To prove the hydrodynamic behavior of the system, the authors follow the non-gradient method developed by \textit{A. Faggionato} and \textit{F. Martinelli} [Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 127, No. 4, 535--608 (2003; Zbl 1052.60083)] for the model, based on the \textit{Varadhan} paper [Pitman Res. Notes Math. 283 (1994)] and the entropy method introduced by \textit{M. Z. Guo} et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 118, No. 1, 31--59 (1988; Zbl 0652.60107)].