Improved Young and Heinz inequalities for matrices (Q1036178)

The authors obtain the following refinement of the scalar Young's inequality: Theorem 1. If \(a,b\geq 0\) and \(0\leq \theta \leq 1\), then \[ a^{\theta }b^{1-\theta }+r_{0}\Big(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\Big)^{2}\leq \theta a+(1-\theta )b, \] where \(r_0=\min \{\theta ,1-\theta \}\). Several improvements of Young and Heinz inequalities for matrices are established. One of those is the following improved Heinz inequality for the Hilbert-Schmidt norm: Theorem 2. Let \(A,B,X\in M_{n}(C)\) such that \(A\) and \(B\) are positive semidefinite. If \(0\leq \theta \leq 1\), then \[ \left\| A^{\theta }XB^{1-\theta }+A^{1-\theta }XB^{\theta }\right\| _{2}+2r_{0}\Big(\sqrt{\left\| AX\right\| _{2}}-\sqrt{\left\| XB\right\| _{2}}\Big)^{2}\leq \left\| AX+XB\right\| _{2}, \] where \(r_{0}=\min \{\theta ,1-\theta \}\).