On the theory of passive resistance systems with losses of scattering channels (Q1036952)

A linear system \(x(n+1)=Ax(n)+Bu(n)\), \(y(n)=Cx(n)+Du(n)\), \(n=0,1,\dots\), where \(x(n)\in X\), \(u(n)\in U\), \(y(n)\in Y\), and \(X,U,Y\) are Hilbert spaces, is called a passive resistance system if \(Y=U\) and \[ \begin{bmatrix} I-A^*A & C^*-A^*B\cr C-B^*A & 2\operatorname{Re}D-B^*B \end{bmatrix}\geq 0. \tag \(*\) \] The resistance matrix, \(c(z)=D+zC(I-zA)^{-1}B\), i.e., the transfer function of such a system, has the property that its restriction to the unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\) belongs to the class \(\ell(U)\) of functions holomorphic on \(\mathbb{D}\) with values in \(\mathbb{B}(U)\), the \(C^*\)-algebra of bounded linear operators on \(U\), and such that \(2\operatorname{Re}c(z)=c(z)+c(z)^*\geq 0\). On the other hand, any function \(c(z)\in\ell(U)\) can be realized as the resistance matrix of an essentially unique simple conservative resistance system. Here, ``conservative'' means that the equality holds in (*) and similarly for the dual system, and ``simple'' means that the closure of the linear span of the subspaces \(A^kBU\), \((A^*)^kC^*U\), \(k=0,1,\dots\), in \(X\) is the whole \(X\). Any passive resistance system \(\Sigma=(A,B,C,D,X,U)\) admits a conservative dilation, i.e., a conservative resistance system \(\widehat{\Sigma}=(\widehat{A},\widehat{B},\widehat{C},D,\widehat{X},U)\) such that \(X\) is a subspace of \(\widehat{X}\), \(A=P_X\widehat{A}|_X\), \(B=P_X\widehat{B}\), \(C=\widehat{C}|_X\), and there exist subspaces \(\mathfrak{D}\) and \(\mathfrak{D}_*\) of \(\widehat{X}\) such that \(\widehat{X}=\mathfrak{D}_*\oplus X\oplus\mathfrak{D}\), \(\widehat{A}^*\mathfrak{D}_*\subset\mathfrak{D}_*\), \(\widehat{A}\mathfrak{D}\subset\mathfrak{D}\), \(\widehat{B}^*\mathfrak{D}_*=\{0\}\), \(\widehat{C}\mathfrak{D}=\{0\}\). The restrictions to \(\mathbb{D}\) of the resistance matrices of a resistance system and of its dilation coincide. In the authors' paper [Ukr.\ Mat.\ Zh.\ 59, No.\,5, 618--649 (2007), translation in Ukr.\ Math.\ J.\ 59, No.\,5, 678--707 (2007; Zbl 1144.47330)], resistance systems with losses of scattering channels have been introduced. If a passive resistance system \(\Sigma\) is conservative and its resistance matrix \(c(z)\) has no non-conservative passive resistance system realizations, then \(\Sigma\) is called a resistance system without losses. Otherwise, a passive resistance system \(\Sigma\) is called a passive resistance system with losses of scattering channels. The authors continue their study of passive resistance systems with losses of scattering channels started in [op.\ cit.]. In particular, they concentrate on such systems with the main operators \(A\) of the class \(C_0\); see, e.g., the book [\textit{B.\,Sz.-Nagy} and \textit{C.\,Foiaş}, ``Harmonic analysis of operators on Hilbert spaces'' (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; Amsterdam-London:\ North-Holland Publishing Company) (1970; Zbl 0201.45003)] for the definition of this class.