Biharmonic hypersurfaces in Sasakian space forms (Q1038516)

Biharmonic maps \(\phi: (M, g)\longrightarrow (N, h)\) between Riemannian manifolds are the critical points of the bienergy function \[ E_{2}(\phi) = \tfrac{1}{2}\int_{M}|\tau(\phi)|^{2}\nu_{g}, \] where \(\tau(\phi)\) is the tension field of \(\phi\) and \(\nu_{g}\) denotes the volume form. The vanishing of the tension field characterizes the harmonic maps. The authors characterize the biharmonic submanifolds in a strictly regular Sasakian space form \((N(c), \varphi, \xi, \eta, g)\) obtained from submanifolds, called Hopf cylinders, in the quotient space \(\overline{N}(c+3)\) by using the Boothby-Wang fibration \(\pi: N\longrightarrow \overline{N}=N/\xi\). They obtain all proper-biharmonic Hopf cylinders over homogeneous real hypersurfaces in complex projective spaces of constant holomorphic section curvature \(c+3>0\).