Regular orbits and positive directions (Q1041508)

A bounded linear operator \(T\) on a complex separable Banach space \(X\) is said to be \textit{hypercyclic} (resp., \textit{supercyclic}) if there exists a vector \(x\) in \(X\) such that \(\{T^nx:n\geq0\}\) (resp., \(\{\lambda T^nx:n\geq0,~\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\}\)) is dense in \(X\). It is said to be \textit{positive supercyclic} if \(\{r T^nx:n\geq0,~r\in\mathbb{R}_+\}\) is dense in \(X\) for some vector \(x\). Obviously, every positive supercyclic operator is supercyclic, but the converse need not be true in general; see, for instance, [\textit{T.\,Bermúdez, A.\,Bonilla} and \textit{A.\,Peris}, Arch.\ Math.\ 79, No.\,2, 125--130 (2002; Zbl 1006.47006), Remark 2.1]. This suggests the following natural question: which supercylic operators are positive supercyclic? It is known that the adjoint of a supercyclic operator has at most one eigenvalue. On the other hand, it was shown in [\textit{F.\,León-Saavedra} and \textit{V.\,Müller}, Integral Equations Oper.\ Theory 50, No.\,3, 385--391 (2004; Zbl 1079.47013)] that, if \(T\) is a supercyclic operator on \(X\) and its adjoint has no eigenvalue, then \(T\) is positive supercyclic. This motivates the author of the paper under review to study the positive supercyclicity of operators of the form \(T\oplus \alpha\), where \(\alpha\) is a nonzero scalar. She defines the concept of directional sets and sets of positive directions, and establishes some of their permanence properties. Among other results, she shows that the set \[ \wp=\{\alpha:|\alpha|=1\text{ and }T\oplus\alpha\text{ is positive supercyclic}\} \] of positive directions of \(T\) is a \(G_\delta\) dense subset of the unit circle \(\mathbb{T}\), provided that \(\wp\) is nonempty or \(T\) is hypercyclic. Furthermore, it is shown that if \(T\oplus T\) is hypercyclic, then \(\wp=\{e^{2\pi i\theta}:\theta\in(0,1)\text{ is irrational}\}\).