The generalized Szendrei expansion of an \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroup. (Q1046866)

The prefix expansion \(\widetilde S^R\) for a semigroup \(S\) was first introduced by \textit{J.-C. Birget} and \textit{J. Rhodes} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 32, 239-287 (1984; Zbl 0546.20055)]. When \(S\) is a group it admits the form \(S^{S\mathcal L}\) presented by \textit{M. B. Szendrei} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 58, No. 1, 93-99 (1989; Zbl 0676.20045)] which has been extended to both the regular and non-regular cases. In this paper the class of (regular) \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroups is considered and the same kind of expansion \((\cdot)^{Pr}\) is defined which is called the generalized Szendrei expansion. For an \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroup \(S\), its expansion \(S^{Pr}=\{(A,s)\in\mathcal P_{\text{fin}}(S)\times S:s,ss'\in A,\;A\subseteq R_s\}\) is defined with multiplication given by \((A,s)(B,t)=(stt's'A\cup sB,st)\) for all \((A,s)(B,t)\in S^{Pr}\). Given an \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroup \(S\) the expansion \(S^{Pr}\) is also \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent and it is an idempotent pure extension of \(S\). A mapping \(\tau\colon S\to T\) between \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroups is called a premorphism if, for all \(a,b\in S\), we have \(a\tau b\tau\leq(ab)\tau\) and it is said to be an \(F\)-premorphism if it also satisfies the following properties: for all \(a,b\in S\) and \(a'\) from the set \(V(a)\) of inverses of an element \(a\) we have (1) \(a'\tau\in V(a\tau)\); (2) \(\tau\) respects the partial order, i.e., if \(a\leq b\) then \(a\tau\leq b\tau\). Given a surjective morphism \(\theta\colon T\to S\), for any \(a\in S\) there exists a maximum element \(m(a\theta^{-1})\) in the inverse image \(a\theta^{-1}\) of \(a\) in \(T\). We can consider the mapping \(\theta^*\colon S\to T\), \(a\mapsto m(a\theta^{-1})\), which is clearly a premorphism. The morphism \(\theta\) is said to be an \(F\)-morphism if \(\theta^*\) is an \(F\)-premorphism. It is proved that the natural map \(\eta s\colon S^{Pr}\to S\) is the initial object in the category of all \(F\)-morphisms onto \(S\). In the last section, given an \(\mathcal R\)-unipotent semigroup \(S\), a description of the languages recognized by \(S^{Pr}\) is provided.