Localization bounds for multiparticle systems (Q1048081)

Considerations about the spectral and dynamical properties of quantum systems of \(n\) particles on the lattice \(\mathbb Z^d\) for an arbitrary dimension are given. They are based on a Hamiltonian which includes a random potential with i.i.d. values at the lattice sites and a finite-range interaction. The model is based on two basic parameters: the strength of the disorder and the strength of the interparticle interaction. The authors establish that for all \(n\) particles there are regimes of high disorder, and/or weak enough interactions, for which the system can exhibit spectral and dynamical localization. Generally, in the context of non-interacting particle systems, one can take the Anderson localization, which is a well studied phenomenon for various regimes of the parameter space. But the picture is far less complete when it comes to systems of interacting particles subject to a random external potential. The perplexing situation can appear where there are \(n\) fermions in a region of volume \(|\Lambda|\), where \( |\Lambda| \rightarrow\infty\) and \(n/|\Lambda| \rightarrow \rho > 0\) -- if the interactions are weak and the mean particle separation is significantly below the localization length of the non-interacting system, then the interaction would not affect by much the dynamical properties of the system. However, such reasoning can lead to the suggestion that if the system is started in a configuration for which the density of particles in one part of the region is higher than in another then the uneven situation will persist indefinitely, assuming the Hamiltonian is time independent. Despite the progress that has been made in this field the analysis of even a fixed number of particles with short range interactions, and \(|\Lambda|\rightarrow\infty\), has many difficulties. The authors assume that the analysis of the \(n= 2\) case, which is based on the multiscale approach, could be extended to any finite \(n\). They establish the existence of localization regimes for any finite \(n\), with decay rates which are uniform in the volume. The bounds which are established here carry a qualitatively somewhat stronger implication for \(n= 2\) than for higher values of \(n\). The achievement of the goal is based on a basic proof of localization for an arbitrary number of particles moving on a lattice of arbitrary dimension, which for convenience is taken to be \(\mathbb Z^d\), in regimes of high disorder or sufficiently weak interactions (Section 1, Theorem 1.1). In Section 2 the authors establish that for \(s<1\) each \(G_\Omega({\mathbf x},{\mathbf y};z)\) (where \(G_\Omega(\cdot)\) is Green function) is of finite conditional expectation value, regardless of \(z\in\mathbb C\) when averaged over one or two potential variables -- provided each of the configurations (\textbf{x} and \textbf{y}) includes at least one averaged site. In Section 3 they show some notions and definitions that are useful in describing the localization bounds which persist when the strength of the disorder is driven up, and also to present the localization regimes. In the following Section this notions are used for description of multiparticle eigenfunction correlators. In Section 5 the presentation of some results which can be useful for consideration of the case when the subsystems are combined without interaction, and where the two subsystems are coupled via short range interaction. In the last (sixth) Section we have the return to the proof given in Section 1 (Theorem 1.1) where the authors prove that there exists a monotone sequence of decreasing sub-conical non-empty domains in the parameter space, such that for each \(n\), the Hamiltonian from Section 1 exhibits uniform \(n\)-particle localization in the sense of definitions given in Section 3. This is done separately in the two cases of interest: strong disorder regime and weak interaction regime. In the paper we have also four appendices: Appendix A -- stands for some distances and separation lemmata; Appendix B -- describes eigenfunction correlators in the context of dynamical and spectral information; Appendix C -- an averaging principle is considered, which is useful for conditional averages where the value of the potential at a single site, \(u \in \mathbb Z_d\) , is redrawn at fixed values of the other (random) parameters; Appendix D -- a description of the Wegner estimate is given, because it provides a useful tool for various purposes.