A Kummer congruence for the Hurwitz-Herglotz function (Q1056780)

It is well-known that Bernoulli numbers have many interesting arithmetical properties such as the von Staudt-Clausen theorem, Kummer's congruences. They appear as coefficients of Taylor expansions of functions with a single period. Then Hurwitz and Herglotz defined and investigated ``Bernoulli numbers'' which are coefficients of Taylor expansions of doubly periodic functions. Their ``Bernoulli numbers'' also appear as values of a certain type of Eisenstein series whose generalization is the so called Hurwitz-Herglotz function: \[ H_k(\omega;u,v) = \frac{k!}{(2\pi i)^k\eta^{2k}(\omega)} \sum_{m.n=-\infty}^\infty \!\!{}'\ \frac{e^{2\pi i(mu+nv)}}{(m\omega+n)^k} \] with \(\operatorname{Im} \omega>0\), \(\eta\) the Dedekind function and real numbers \(u,v\). In this paper, the authors establish Kummer's congruences for singular values of the Hurwitz-Herglotz function (Theorem 1.4): \[ \sum_{s=0}^r (-1)^{s(1+\frac12(p-1))}\binom{r}{s} f^{k+s(p-1)} \frac{H_{k+s(p-1)}(\alpha;u,v)}{k+s(p-1)} A_p^{r-s}(\alpha)\equiv 0\pmod{p^r} \] where \(p\ge 5\) is a prime, \(a,b,f,k,r\in\mathbb Z\), \(u=a/f\), \(v =b/f\), \((a,b,f)=1\), \(k\ge 3\), \(k>r\ge 1\), \(p-1\nmid k\), \(\alpha\) is imaginary quadratic with \(\operatorname{Im} \alpha>0\) and \(A_p(\omega)\) is the coefficient of \(x\) in the ``Multiplikator Gleichung'' satisfied by \(x = p \eta^2(p\omega)/\eta^2(\omega)\). The main tool of the proof is the \(q\)-expansion of \(H_k(\omega; a/f, b/f)\).