On almost divisibility properties of sequences of integers. I (Q1056784)

Let \(|\alpha|\) denote the distance from the real number \(\alpha\) to the nearest integer. we say, the positive real number \(b\) is \(\varepsilon\)-divisible by the positive real number \(a\) (and we then write \(a|_{\varepsilon}b)\), if \(|b/a|< \varepsilon\). The following theorem will be proved. Let \(\varepsilon> 0\), \(n> n_1(\varepsilon)\) a positive integer, \(t\) a real number such that \(n< t\leq\exp(\log^{5/4}n/\log\log n)\). Let further \[ k=\begin{cases} [2\log t/\log n]-3 & \text{ if } 2\leq \log t/\log n< c_1,\\[\log t/\log n+0.5] & \text{ if } \log t/\log n\geq c_1,\end{cases} \] where \(c_1\) is a certain positive absolute constant. With \[ F=\begin{cases} n &\text{ if } n< t< n^2 \\[n^{1-1/2^{k+2}}] &\text{ if } n^2\leq t< n^{c_1}\\[(n^{k+5/2}/t)^{1/(k+2)}] &\text{ if } t\geq n^{c_1}\end{cases} \] there exists a positive integer \(j\) such that \(1\leq j\leq P\) and \((n+j)|_{\varepsilon}t\). The main tool are estimates of certain trigonometric sums. On the other hand it will be shown, that for \(0< \varepsilon< 1/4\), \(\delta> 0\) and \(n> n_2(\varepsilon)\) there exists a real number \(t\) such that \(n< t< \exp((2+\delta)n)\) and there does not exist an integer \(j\) satisfying \(l\leq j\leq n\) and \((n+j)|_{\varepsilon}t\). This leads to the inequality \[ \exp(\log^{5/4}n/\log\log n)\leq f(n,\varepsilon)\leq\exp((2+\delta)n)\quad(n\geq n_0(\varepsilon)) \] where \(f(n,\varepsilon)\) denotes the infimum of the real numbers \(t> n\) such that for any integer \(l\leq j\leq n\) \(t\) is not \(\varepsilon\)-divisible by \(n+j\).