Conditions for inclusion between Nörlund summability methods (Q1062216)

Let \(p=\{p_ n\}\) be a sequence of complex numbers, \(P_ n=\sum^{n}_{k=0}p_ k\) and \(p(z)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}p_ kz^ k\). The Nörlund summability method (N,p) is defined as follows: \(s_ n\to s(N,p)\) if \(P_ n\neq 0\) for \(n\geq 0\) and \(\sum^{n}_{k=0}p_{n- k}s_ k\sim sP_ n\) as \(n\to \infty\). The same notation is used with other letters in place of p, P. Suppose that \(\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}| p_ k| <\infty\) and \(P_ n\neq 0\) for \(n\geq 0\), and that the method (N,q) is regular. Then it is known that necessary and sufficient conditions for (N,p) to imply (N,q) are (1) \(\sum^{n}_{i=0}| k_ i| =O(| Q_ n|)\) and (2) \(k_ n=o(Q_ n),\) where \(\{k_ n\}\) is the sequence obtained from the generating function \(k(z)=q(z)/p(z).\) We consider the question whether (1) alone is necessary and sufficient for (N,p) to imply (N,q). We solve the problem completely for p(z) a polynomial, and for a wide class of functions p(z) with algebraic and logarithmic singularities on \(| z| =1\), but the general case involves delicate questions that escape our analysis.