On the structure of arithmetically Buchsbaum curves in \(P^ 3_ k\) (Q1063656)

In this paper, an equidimensional closed subscheme X of \({\mathbb{P}}^ 3_ k\) of dimension one is called a ''curve''. Let \({\mathcal I}\) be the sheaf of ideals of a curve X and put \(I=\oplus_{\nu \geq 0}H^ 0({\mathbb{P}}^ 3_ k,{\mathcal I}(\nu))\subset R=k[x_ 1,x_ 2,x_ 3,x_ 4],\) where k is an infinite field. The curve X is called an ''arithmetically Buchsbaum curve'', if \(H_*\!^ 1({\mathcal I})=\oplus_{\nu \in {\mathbb{Z}}}H^ 1({\mathbb{P}}^ 3_ k,{\mathcal I}(\nu))\) is annihilated by the ideal \({\mathfrak m}=(x_ 1,x_ 2,x_ 3,x_ 4)R\). In this paper, the author studies arithmetically Buchsbaum curves X with \(H_*\!^ 1({\mathcal I})\neq 0\) and \({\mathfrak m}H_*\!^ 1({\mathcal I})=0.\) To do this in {\S} 1 is introduced a numerical invariant ''basic sequence'' for an arbitrary homogeneous ideal \(I\subset R\) such that dim R/I\(=2\) and \(depth_{{\mathfrak m}}R/I\geq 1.\) This is a sequence of integers \((a;\nu_ 1,...,\nu_ a;\nu_{a+1},...,\nu_{a+b})\) consisting of degrees of certain special generators of the ideal I. This is a generalization of ''caractère numérique'' defined by \textit{L. Gruson} and \textit{C. Peskine} in Algebr. Geom., Proc. Tromsø Symp. 1977, Lect. Notes Math. 687, 31- 59 (1978; Zbl 0412.14011)]. - In {\S} 2 the author studies the structure of the module \(H_*\!^ 1({\mathcal I}).\) Using the results of {\S} 1 and {\S} 2, in {\S} 3 the author proves the following main results (theorems 3.1, 3.2 and corollary 3.3.): Let X be an arithmetically Buchsbaum curve with basic sequence \((a;\nu_ 1,...,\nu_ a;\nu_{a+1},...,\nu_{a+b})\). Then we have (1) dim\({}_{R/{\mathfrak m}}H_*\!^ 1({\mathcal I})=b\); (2) there exist integers \(i_ 1,...,i_{2b}\), \((1\leq i_ 1\leq...\leq i_{2b}\leq a)\) such that \((\nu_{i_ 1},...,\nu_{i_{2b}})=(\nu_{a+1},...,\nu_{a+b},\nu_{a+1},...,\nu\;sb{a+b})\) up to a permutation; (3) \(a\geq 2b\); (4) we can choose special generators \(f_ 0,f_ 1,...,f_ a,f_{a+1},...,f_{a+b}\) of the ideal I with certain properties such that deg \(f_ 0=a\), deg \(f_ i=\nu_ i\), \(1\leq i\leq a\), deg \(f_{a+j}=\nu_{a+j}\), \(1\leq j\leq b\) (for the detailed properties of the generators \(f_ k\), see theorem 3.2 and corollary 3.3). In {\S} 4 the author shows existence of integral arithmetically Buchsbaum curves with the basic sequence (a;n,...,n;n,...,n) with a-times n in the first and b-times n in the second place, for arbitrary positive integers a, b, n, satisfying \(n\geq a\geq 2b\) (theorem 4.4). - Finally in {\S} 5, the author applies the results obtained in the previous sections to study irreducible components of \(Hilb({\mathbb{P}}^ 3_ k)\). He finds the necessary conditions that any general point of an irreducible component of \(Hilb({\mathbb{P}}^ 3_ k)\) corresponds to an arithmetically Buchsbaum curve in terms of basic sequences (theorem 5.7) and also show that in many cases these conditions are also sufficient (theorem 5.11).