A theorem of J. L. Walsh, revisited (Q1064432)

Let \(f(z)=\sum^{\infty}_{k=0}a_ kz^ k\) be a power series with convergence radius \(\rho\), \(1<\rho <\infty\), and let \(S_ n(z):=\sum^{n}_{k=0}a_ kz^ k\) be the n-th partial sum of f(z). Let m be a positive integer of the form \(m=qn+c\) where q and c are fixed positive integers, so that \(m\geq n+1\). Let \(\omega\) be a primitive m-th root of unity and r be a fixed nonnegative integer. The authors prove the existence of a polynomial \(P_{rm+n}\) of degree at most \(rm+n\) which satisfies the Hermite interpolation conditions \[ (\#)\quad P^{(\nu)}_{rm+n}(\omega^ k)=f^{(\nu)}(\omega^ k) \] for \(k=0,1,...,m-1\), \(\nu =0,1,...,r-1\), if \(r\geq 1\) and which also minimizes \[ \sum^{m-1}_{k=0}| P^{(r)}_{rm+n}(\omega^ k)- f^{(r)}(\omega^ k)|^ 2 \] over all polynomials of degree at most \(rm+n\), which satisfy the interpolation conditions of ({\#}). Further, the authors show \[ \lim_{n\to \infty}(P_{rm+n}(z)- S_{rm+n}(z))=0\quad for\quad all\quad | z| <\rho^{1+q/(1+rq)}. \] Finally, the authors extend this result to Birkhoff interpolation, in which the Hermite interpolation condition ({\#}) is replaced by more general Birkhoff interpolation conditions.