Quantitative forms of a theorem of Hilbert (Q1065804)

For positive integers \(m\), \(a\) and \(a_k\), \(1\leq k\leq m\) define an m-cube \(Q_m\) to be the set \(\{a+\sum^{m}_{k=1}\epsilon_ka_k:\) \(\epsilon_k=0\) or 1, \(1\leq k\leq m\}\). Hilbert proved that for any positive integers \(m\) and \(r\) there exists a least integer \(h(m,r)\) such that if the set \(\{\) 1,2,...,h(m,r)\(\}\) is arbitrarily partitioned into r classes \(C_k\), \(1\leq k\leq r\), some \(C_i\) must contain an m cube. Schur proved that for any \(r\), there is an \(s(r)\) so that in any partition of \(\{\) 1,2,...,s(r)\(\}\) into \(r\) classes some class contains a projective 2- cube \(Q^*_2(a,a_1,a_2)-\{0\}\) with \(a=0\). This was extended by Rado for projective m-cubes and further extended by Hindman to infinite projective cubes i.e. for \(\{\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}\epsilon_ka_k:\) \(\epsilon_k=0\) or 1 with \(0\leq \sum^{\infty}_{k=1}\epsilon_k<\infty\}.\) In this article the authors have investigated the function \(h(m,r)\) and several related ones. For the first interesting case \(m=2\) it is proved that \(H(2,r)=(1+0(1))r^2\). This result is closely related to Ramsey numbers for 4-cycles. Bounds are also obtained for deleted 2-cubes.