Bounded symmetrysets (Q1068178)

A symmetry set \(R\) is coherent if \(r_ a(ka)=-ka\) for all \(ka,a\in R\) and all integers \(k\). Here \(r_ a(x)=x-a^*(x)a\), where \(a^*(x)=r-q\) and \(R_ x(a)=(x-ra,...,x+qa).\) Suppose \(S\) is a coherent symmetry set in \({\mathbb Z}/p\), \(p>3\). Then \(S\) is of one of the following types: (i) \(S=A_ 1\); (ii) \(S={\mathbb Z}/p\); (iii) \(S=(0,\pm a,\pm 2a);\) (iv) \(S={\mathbb Z}/p-(\pm (p-1)).\) A Bourbaki root system is a pair \((R_*,V)\), where \(V\) is a real vector space, \(R_*\) is a finite subset in \(V\setminus 0\) such that \(R_*\) generates \(V\) and for any \(a\in R_*\) there exists a linear function \(a^ 0\) for which \(a^ 0(R_*)\subseteq {\mathbb Z}\), \(a^ 0(a)=2\) and the map \(r_ a(x)=x-a^ 0(x)a\) maps \(R_*\) into itself. Suppose \(2a\not\in R_*\) for any \(a\in R_*\). Then \(R_*\) can be isomorphically embedded in \({\mathbb Z}\). Let \(R\subseteq ({\mathbb Z}/p)^ n\) be a symmetry set such that for any \(a,ka\in R\) where \(0\leq k\leq p- 1\) we have \(k\leq n\). It is shown that in this case \(R\) is a Bourbaki root system provided \(p>3(2n+1).\) For a symmetry set \(R\) denote by \(R_ 1\) the set of all \(a\in R\) for which \(\hat a\neq 0\), where \(\hat{\;}\) is the natural map from \(R\) to \(R^{**}=\text{Hom}(\text{Hom}(R,{\mathbb Z}),{\mathbb Z}).\) Suppose \(R\) is irreducible, that is \(R\) cannot be decomposed as \(R=P\cup Q\), \(P\cap Q=\emptyset\), and \(a+b=c\in R\) if and only if \(a,b,c\in P\) or \(Q\). It is shown that the length of \(R_ b(a)\) equals 3 or 5 if \(a,b\in R_ 1\) and \(R_ b(a)\neq R_{1b}(a)\). \(R_ 1\) is a subsymmetry set in a bounded symmetry set \(R\). An irreducible bounded symmetry set \(R\) is either isomorphic to a Bourbaki root system with added zero, or \(\hat a=0\) for all \(a\in R\).