Analytic hypo-ellipticity and propagation of regularity for operators with non-involutory characteristics (Q1068274)

In this article matrices of microdifferential operators of the form \(P=P_ 1P_ 2I_ m+Q\) are studied, where \(P_ 1\) and \(P_ 2\) are scalar operators such that the Poisson bracket of their principal symbols never vanishes, Q is an m by m matrix of operators of lower order, and \(I_ m\) is the unit matrix of degree m. In the first section the propagation of micro-analyticity of solutions of the equation \(Pu=0\) is investigated when the principal symbol of \(P_ 1\) is real. The theorem proved is a generalization of part of a previous paper of the author [Invent. Math. 65, 491-525 (1982; Zbl 0493.35083)]. An example is \[ P=D_ 1(D_ 1-(-1)^{1/2}x_ 1D_ 2)+a_ 1(x)D_ 1+a_ 2(x)D_ 2+b(x), \] where \(x\in R^ 2\), \(a_ 1\), \(a_ 2\), b are real analytic functions defined in an open subset U of \(R^ 2\), and \(a_ 2(0,x_ 2)\not\in \{0,-(-1)^{1/2},-2(-1)^{1/2},...\}\). In section 2 the analytic hypo-ellipticity of P is studied when \(P_ 1\) can be transformed into the form \(D_ 1+(-1)^{1/2}x^ k_ 1D_ n\) in a neighborhood of \((0,(-1)^{1/2}dx_ n)\) with a positive odd integer k. The theorem proved here is a generalization of a previous result of the author for \(k=1\) [Proc. Jap. Acad., Ser. A 57, 438-441 (1981; Zbl 0519.35015)]. An example is \[ P=(D_ 1+(-1)^{1/2}x^ k_ 1D_ 2)(D_ 1^{\ell}-(-1)^{1/2}x_ 1D_ 2^{\ell})+\sum a_{\alpha}(x)D_ 1^{\alpha_ 1}D_ 2^{\alpha_ 2}, \] where the sum is taken over \(\alpha =(\alpha_ 1,\alpha_ 2)\geq 0\), \(| \alpha | \leq \ell\), and \(x=(x_ 1,x_ 2)\in R^ 2\), \(a_{\alpha}(x)\) are real analytic functions defined in an open subset U of \(R^ 2\), \(k\) and \(\ell\) are positive odd integers, and \(a_{(0,\ell)}(0,x_ 2)\not\in (-1)^{1/2}Z\).