Asymptotic expansions for pseudodifferential operators on bounded domains (Q1069015)

The volume is dedicated to the study of ''asymptotic expansions'' for the trace of \(f(P_{\Omega} A P'_{\Omega}).\) Here A is an elliptic pseudodifferential operator on \(R^ n\) with (possibly) matrix-valued symbol \(\sigma\) (from the class \(S^{-r}_{1,0})\) of negative order -r, \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain with smooth boundary and \(P_{\Omega}: L^ 2(R^ n)\to L^ 2(\Omega)\), respectively \(P'_{\Omega}: L^ 2(\Omega)\to L^ 2(R^ n)\) is the natural projection, respectively inclusion. Moreover, \(f(P_{\Omega} A P'_{\Omega})\) is defined, when A is selfadjoint, by the spectral theorem (f is then a real-variable \(C^{\infty}\) function), or, when f is analytic in a neighborhood of some ''spectral'' set associated with \(\sigma\), by a contour integral. (To make sure that \(f(P_{\Omega} A P'_{\Omega})\) is of trace class, it is assumed that f vanishes at the origin of order greater than n/r.) Finally, in the most general setting, ''expansion'' just means an infinite sum of terms which are obtained with the aid of formal manipulations from \(tr f(P_{\Omega} A P'_{\Omega}),\) and in which each term is either an integral over \(\Omega \times R^ n\), or one over the cotangent space of \(\partial \Omega\) of some expressions which are computed from the expressions of \(\sigma\) and f. (The first and second kind of terms appear from a transformation of \(tr P_{\Omega} f(A) P'_{\Omega}\) and of \(tr f(P_{\Omega} A P'_{\Omega})-tr P_{\Omega} f(A) P'_{\Omega}\) respectively.) These formal expansions, which do not involve any parameter, are shown to lead to very precise and very explicit results concerning asymptotic expansions in two interesting cases. The first, which is an extension of classical work of Szegö on Toeplitz determinants, gives an expansion of type \(tr f(T_{\epsilon})\sim \sum^{\infty}_{k=0}a_ k \epsilon^{k-n}\) for \(\epsilon\) \(\to 0\), where \(T_{\epsilon}\) is a family of integral operators associated with some kernels of the form \(\epsilon^{-n} k(x,y,(x-y)/\epsilon),\) \[ k(x,y,z)=(2\pi)^{-n}\int \exp (i<\xi,z>) \sigma (x,y,\xi) d\xi. \] Under mild additional assumptions the \(a_ k\) can here be calculated (in principle) explicitly from \(\sigma\) and f. In the second case, \(f(\lambda)=\exp (-t/\lambda)\) and the result is an expansion of heat type: \[ \exp (-t/\lambda_ i)=\sum^{n}_{k=0}a_ k t^{(k-n)/r}+O(t^{\nu})\quad for\quad t\to 0_+,\quad \nu =\min (1,1/r) \] where \(\lambda_ i\) are the eigenvalues of A. (For elliptic differential operators, similar results were obtained by Duistermaat- Guillemin.) Although the volume is perhaps primarily a ''research monograph'' (in the Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes terminology) it will easily also qualify as an introductory text. In fact, the introduction contains a lot of motivation, of historical comments and most of the terminology used in the paper is introduced in it. Moreover, in the rare occasions where material from other sources is actually used, statements and citations are clear enough in order to show what is going on. A number of open problems is also stated. Any mathematician interested in applications of pseudodifferential operators, Toeplitz operators or spectral theory will find it interesting.