Some integration formulas for a four-node isoparametric element (Q1072770)

In this paper we present analytical integration formulas for a four-node isoparametric element. All the formulas are constructed with three simple functions of element nodal values, and therefore they can be easily coded and have high cost-effectiveness. Some of the formulas are exact and some are approximate. However, even the approximate formulas have enough accuracy and do not suffer from the so-called ''hourglass'' instability, which is a major drawback of one-point quadrature.