Weierstrass points with two prescribed non-gaps (Q1075390)

Let \({\mathcal M}\) be the fine moduli space of the smooth curves of genus g (defined over \({\mathbb{C}})\) with a level-\(\nu\)-structure for some fixed \(\nu \in {\mathbb{Z}}_{\geq 3}\). Let \(p:\quad {\mathcal C}\to {\mathcal M}\) be the associated smooth family of curves and let \(\mu:\quad {\mathcal M}\to {\mathcal M}_ g\) be the natural morphism to the coarse moduli space \({\mathcal M}_ g\). For \(k,r\in {\mathbb{Z}}_{\geq 1}\), let \[ W^ r_ k=\{x\in {\mathcal C}:\quad \dim (H^ 0(p^{-1}(p(x)),{\mathcal O}(kx))\geq r+1\}. \] One knows that \(\dim (W^ r_ k)\geq 3g-2-r(g+r-k)\) [\textit{R. F. Lax}, Math. Ann. 216, 35-42 (1975; Zbl 0291.32028)]. In the case \(r=1\), one has that: \((i)\quad W^ 1_ k\) is equidimensional of dimension \(2g-3+k\); \((ii)\quad if\) x is a general point of \(W^ 1_ k\), then its Weierstrass gap sequence is the so- called hyperordinary gap sequence; \((iii)\quad p| W^ 1_ k:\quad W^ 1_ k\to {\mathcal M}\) is generically injective; \((iv)\quad \mu (p(W^ 1_ k))\) is irreducible [\textit{E. Arbarello}, Compos. Math. 29, 325-342 (1974; Zbl 0355.14013); \textit{S. Diaz}, Duke Math. J. 51, 905-922 (1984; Zbl 0581.14019); \textit{D. S. Rim} and \textit{M. A. Vitulli}, J. Algebra 48, 454-476 (1977; Zbl 0412.14002); the author, ''The number of Weierstrass points on some special curves. I'' in Arch. Math. 46, 453-465 (1986)]. This paper is an attempt to prove similar results for the Weierstrass points with two prescribed non-gaps. Let \(n,s\in {\mathbb{Z}}_{\geq 1}\) with \(n<s\) and let \(g=a(n-1)+b\) with \(0\leq b<n-1\) and such that \(s<g+a\) and s is not a multiple of n. Let \(\overset\circ W_{n,s}=\{x\in {\mathcal C}:\quad n\quad is\) the first non-gap of x and \(\dim (H^ 0(p^{- 1}(p(x)),{\mathcal O}(sx))\geq e+2\}.\) We prove that, if Z is an irreducible component of \(\overset\circ W_{n,s}\) and \(| sx|\) is a simple linear system on \(p^{-1}(p(x))\) if x is a general point on Z, then \(\dim (Z)=n+s+g-4-e\) and \(\dim (H^ 0(p^{-1}(p(x)),{\mathcal O}(sx))=e+2.\) This is closely related to some repeatedly criticized formula of \textit{K. Hensel} and \textit{G. Landsberg} [''Theorie der algebraischen Funktionen einer Variablen und ihre Anwendung auf algebraische Kurven und abelsche Integrale'' (Leipzig 1902)]. It is also shown that the assumption ''\(| sx|\) is a simple linear system'' can not be ommited in general. Let \({\mathcal W}_{n,s}=\{x\in {\mathcal C}:\) n is the first non-gap of x, s is the first non-gap of x which is not a multiple of n and \(| sx|\) is a simple linear system\(\}\). - It is proved that \({\mathcal W}_{n,s}\) is not empty whenever it make sense. Also some existence results of Weierstrass points with prescribed gap sequence are obtained. Those are closely related to the Weierstrass points obtained by \textit{H. Knebl} [Manuscr. Math. 49, 165-175 (1984; Zbl 0575.14022)]. Also, some open questions related to this paper are stated.