Algèbres graduées normales. (Normal graded algebras) (Q1076085)

Let \(\theta\) denote a discrete valuation ring. In the main theorem the author gives a characterization of certain \({\mathbb{N}}^ n\)-graded \(\theta\)-algebras. Namely, he proves that the following are equivalent: \((i)\quad A\quad is\) a normal \(\theta\)-algebra of finite type which admits a regular series formed by \(n+1\) homogeneous elements originating through the uniformity t of \(\theta\). - \((ii)\quad A=\oplus_{I\in {\mathbb{N}}^ n}\theta \xi^ I;\)\ with multiplication of the \(\xi^ I\) given by \(\xi^ I\cdot \xi^ J=a_{I,J}\xi^{I-J}\), where the \(a_{I,J}\) are elements of \(\theta^*\) whose valuations v are obtained in this way: there exist integers \(a_ 1,a_ 2,...,a_ n, b\) such that \((a_ 1,a_ 2,...,a_ n,b)=1\) and \(0\leq a_ k<b\) (for k from 1 to n) and if one sets \(\delta (I)=[\sum^{n}_{K=1}(a_ k/b)i_ k]\quad for\) \(I=(i_ 1,i_ 2,...,i_ n)\) appertaining to \({\mathbb{N}}^ n\), then \(v(a_{I,J})=\delta (I+J)-\delta (I)-\delta (J)\). - It is shown that \(tA_ 0+\oplus_{I\in {\mathbb{N}}^ n,I\neq 0}A_ I\quad is\) a maximal ideal of A, which is denoted by m. Let \(k_ 0\) be the residual set of \(\theta\) and assume that \(k_ 0\subseteq \theta\). When the equivalent properties (i) and (ii) are true then we have the following property: \((iii)\quad A\quad is\) a \(\theta\)-algebra of finite type whose completion \(\tilde A\) for the m-additive topology is isomorphic to the algebra of formal series \(K_ 0[[\Sigma]]\) associated with the semigroup of the congruence \(\Sigma =\{(i,j_ 1,j_ 2,...,j_ n)\in {\mathbb{N}}^{n+1}:i+(b-a_ 1)j_ 1+...+(n-a_ n)j_ n\quad \equiv 0 (b)\}.\) If A is also local, \(property\quad (iii)\) is equivalent to properties (i) and (ii). - Next, the author gives an example of a normal Cohen-Macaulay \(\theta\)-algebra of finite type which does not satisfy (i). Geometrically, this situation corresponds to a pseudo-fibration of a normal Cohen-Macaulay variety of dimension \(n+1\) and gives toroidal singularities of cyclic quotient types. In the final part of the paper, the author constructs examples of these algebras with the aid of Weil divisors having rational coefficients of a related straight line. He then studies the objects thus obtained.