Non-negative trigonometric polynomials with constraints (Q1076188)

Let \(R_ n(\theta)\) denote the class of polynomials \(p(z)=\sum^{n}_{k=0}p_ kz^ k\) with Re\(\{\) p(z)\(\}\geq 0\) for \(| z| \leq 1\), with \(p_ 0\) real, and with \(Re\{p(z_ j)\}=0\) at prescribed distinct points \(z_ j\) on \(| z| =1\) \((j=1,...,s\), \(s\leq n)\). Let \(L_ 1(p)\) and \(L_ 2(p)\) denote complex linear combinations of the coefficients of p such that \(Re\{L_ 2(p)\}\) is positive unless \(p\equiv 0\). The author shows that the extreme values for \(Re\{L_ 1(p)\}/Re\{L_ 2(p)\}\) over the class \(R_ n(\theta)\) are eigenvalues of an associated hermitian matrix. This result leads to many explicit and implicit applications including bounds for nonnegative trigonometric polynomials, for typically real polynomials, and for their coefficients.