On dual rings and their modules (Q1077502)

A (unitary) ring is called a D-ring (D for dual), if every left and every right ideal is an annihilator. Thus the Artinian D-rings are just the quasi-Frobenius rings. In this paper, the authors study D-rings in full generality. They prove the surprising result, that every D-ring is semi- perfect. They further show, that some well-known properties of quasi- Frobenius rings, such as the existence of the Nakayama permutation, carry over to D-rings. Such a ring is not necessarily self-injective, however. In another direction, it is proved, that every finitely generated module over a D-ring has finite uniform dimension. If T denotes the intersection of the powers of the Jacobson radical J, then R/T is Noetherian (but not necessarily Artinian) for every D-ring R. J is called transfinitely nilpotent, if \(J^{\alpha}=0\) for some ordinal \(\alpha\) (transfinite powers being defined in the usual way). For a D-ring R this situation arises precisely, when R is a quasi-Frobenius ring.