Hopf bifurcation and related stability problems for periodic differential systems (Q1077609)

The authors consider the problem of Hopf bifurcation for a two dimensional periodic system of differential equations of the form \[ (1)_ u\quad \dot x=\alpha (u)x-\beta (\epsilon)y+X(t,x,y,u,\epsilon),\quad \dot y=\alpha (u)y+\beta (\epsilon)x+Y(t,x,y,u,\epsilon) \] where \(\alpha (0)=0\), \(\beta (1)=1\), \(\alpha\) '(0)\(\neq 0\), \(\beta\) '(1)\(\neq 0\), X, Y are of order \(\geq 2\) in (x,y) (when (x,y)\(\to (0,0))\), X, Y are independent of t when \(u=0\), and X, Y are each T periodic in t. We assume u and \(\epsilon\) are real parameters and vary in a neighborhood of \(u=0\) and \(\epsilon =1\) respectively. In addition assume the origin of \((1)_ 0\) is h- asymptotically stable, that is the origin of \((1)_ 0\) is asymptotically stable under perturbations whose order in (x,y) is greater than h for some (odd) integer h. We then have the following existence and stability result: Theorem 1. There exists \(c^*\), \(u^*\), \(\epsilon >0\) and two functions c(\(\tau\),u), \(\epsilon\) (\(\tau\),u) which are T-periodic in \(\tau\) satisfying \(c(\tau,0)=0\), \(c(\tau,u)>0\) for \(u>0\) and \(\epsilon (\tau,0)=2\pi /T.\) Then for each \(\tau\in R\), \(c\in [0,c^*]\), \(u\in [0,u^*]\) and \(\epsilon \in [2\pi /T-\epsilon^*,2\pi /T+\epsilon^*]\) the solution of \((1)_ u\) through \(t_ 0=\tau\), \(x_ 0=c\), \(y_ 0=0\) is T-periodic if and only if \(c=c(\tau,u)\) and \(\epsilon =\epsilon (\tau,u)\). In addition for each \(u\in [0,u^*]\) and \(\epsilon \in [2\pi /T-\epsilon^*,2\pi /T+\epsilon^*]\) there exists an annulus \(M_{u\epsilon}\subset R^ 2\) around the origin which is positively invariant and asymptotically stable for \((1)_ u\). \(M_{u\epsilon}\to 0\) as \(u\to 0\) uniformly in \(\epsilon\) with order equal to 1/(h-1). The set of all periodic solutions for a given u can be embedded in an annulus \(M_ u\) which is positively invariant and asymptotically stable for every system \((1)_ u\) for which \(\epsilon =\epsilon (\tau,u)\) for some \(\tau\in R\). The width of \(M_ u\) is of order at least 2/(h-1) as \(u\to 0\).