Formula for the Casimir operator in Iwasawa coordinates (Q1078340)

Let \(\Omega\) be the Casimir operator of a connected non-compact semisimple Lie group G. The author gives a formula which expresses \(\Omega\) in terms of first order differential operators \(\delta_ z\), \(\delta_ H\), \(\delta_ x\) defined for left invariant vector fields \((z,H,x)\in {\mathfrak k}\times {\mathfrak a}\times {\mathfrak n}\) associated with an Iwasawa coordinates of the Lie algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) of G. We regard elements of \({\mathfrak g}\) as left invariant vector fields on G and for \(y\in {\mathfrak g}\) we put \((\tilde yf)(b)=d/dt f((\exp (ty))b)|_{t=0}\) for \(f\in C^{\infty}(G)\) and \(b\in G\). The above three differential operators are defined by \[ (\delta_ zf)(b)=\frac{d}{dt}f(k(\exp (tz))an)|_{t=0}, \] \[ (\delta_ Hf)(b)=\frac{d}{dt}f(k(\exp (tH))an)|_{t=0},\quad (\delta_ xf)(b)=\frac{d}{dt}f(ka(\exp (tx))n)|_{t=0}, \] where \(b=kan \in G=KAN\). For the Lie algebras \({\mathfrak a}\), \({\mathfrak m}\) and \({\mathfrak n}\) of A, \(Z_ K(A)\) and N we choose orthonormal bases \(\{H_ i\}^ r_{i=1}\), \(\{u_ i\}^ s_{i=1}\) and \(\{x_ i\}^ t_{i=1}\) respectively and put \(z_ i=2^{-1/2}(x_ i+\theta x_ i)\) and \(y_ i=2^{-1/2}(x_ i-\theta x_ i)\) (\(\theta\) :Cartan involution). Then the desired formula for \(\Omega\) is the following, \[ \begin{multlined} \Omega =\sum^{r}_{i=1}(\delta^ 2_{H_ i}+2\rho (H_ i) \delta_{H_ i})+\sum^{q}_{j=1} \sum^{m_{\alpha j}}_{i=1}(2e^{-2\alpha_ j} \delta^ 2_{x_ i(j)}-2\sqrt{2}e^{-\alpha_ j\quad} \delta_{z_{i(j)}}\delta_{x_{i(j)}})+ \\ +\sum^{t}_{i=1}\delta^ 2_{z_ i}-\sum^{t}_{i=1}\tilde z^ 2_ i-\sum^{s}_{i=1}\tilde u^ 2_ i \text{ on } C^{\infty}(G), \end{multlined} \] where \(\Sigma^+=\{\alpha_ j\); \(1\leq j\leq q\}\) is the set of positive restricted roots, \(\{x_{i(j)}\}^{m_{\alpha_ j}}_{i=1}\) an orthonormal basis of the root space \({\mathfrak g}_{\alpha_ j}\), hence \(\{x_ i\}^ t_{i=1}=\cup_{1\leq j\leq q}\{x_{i(j)}\}^{m_{\alpha_ j}}_{i\quad =1}\), \(t=\sum^{q}_{j=1}m_{\alpha_ j}\) and \(\rho =\sum^{q}_{j=1}m_{\alpha_ j}\alpha_ j\).