Poincaré series on \(\mathrm{GL}(r)\) and Kloosterman sums (Q1078612)

This paper is an adelic investigation into certain Poincaré series on \(\mathrm{GL}(r)\), \(r\geq 2\), generalizing work of Selberg \((r=2)\), and Bump, Friedberg and Goldfeld \((r=3)\). In analogy to the classical duality between Poincaré series and Fourier coefficients, our Poincaré series are dual to certain zeta functions associated to pairs of Whittaker functions (Theorem 1.13). From an adelic calculation of the Fourier coefficients of the Poincaré series, the generalized Kloosterman sums arise as integrals over \(p\)-adic unipotent groups (Theorem 2.12). In {\S}{\S} 3 and 4 we prove results about Kloosterman sums which can be roughly divided into three categories: (1) identities among the sums (Theorem 3.2); (2) factorization of the sums into sums for \(\mathrm{GL}(r_ 1)\) and \(\mathrm{GL}(r_ 2)\) with \(r_ 1+r_ 2=r\) (Theorem 3.7, corollary 3.11); and (3) decompositions of the sums into sums of simpler trigonometric sums ({\S} 4). These simpler sums \(S_ w(\theta;\ell)\) (definition 4.9) are easily described without mention of \(\mathrm{GL}(r)\), but do not seem to have appeared in the literature before. We also sketch a realization of the Kloosterman sums as character sums on varieties over \(\mathbb F_ p\), and discuss the possibility of decomposing the Kloosterman sums according to smooth stratifications of these varieties. Finally, in {\S} 5 we apply our techniques to give estimates for the \(\mathrm{GL}(3)\) Kloosterman sums.