Estimates for the hyperbolic metric (Q1079693)

The object of the paper is to provide estimates for the hyperbolic metric in terms of geometric quantities. Suppose X is a region in the complex plane \({\mathbb{C}}\) such that \({\mathbb{C}}\setminus X\) contains at least two points. Let \(\lambda_ X(z)| dz|\) be the hyperbolic metric on X and \(\delta_ X(z)=dist(z,\partial X)\). If \(\Delta (X)=\sup \{\delta_ X(z):\) \(z\in X\}\) is finite, then \[ \lambda_ X(z)\geq \frac{1}{2\delta_ X(z)\log [b/\delta_ X(z)]} \] for some constant b with \(e^{1/2} \Delta (X)\leq b\leq e\Delta (X)\). [The upper bound was obtained earlier by \textit{Ch. Pommerenke}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 2, 689-695 (1970; Zbl 0199.398).] A similar estimate is given for regions on the Riemann sphere: A lower bound for \((1+| z|^ 2)\lambda_ X(z)\) is given in terms of \[ \epsilon_ X(z)=\inf \{| z-w| /| 1+\bar wz|:\quad w\in \partial X\}. \] Note that arctan \(\epsilon\) \({}_ X(z)\) is the spherical distance to the boundary of X. [In the spherical situation the upper bound was established earlier by \textit{Ch. Pommerenke}, Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. AI, 476, 10 p. (1970; Zbl 0205.090).]