Punktweise Abschätzungen zur Approximation durch algebraische Polynome. (Pointwise estimates for approximation by algebraic polynomials) (Q1080099)

We consider this paper to be a major contribution towards proving a conjecture by I. E. Gopengauz dating from 1967. It is shown, among other things, that (i) for \(r,s\in {\mathbb{N}}_ 0\), \(s\leq r+2\), and \(n\geq 4(r+1)\) there exist linear polynomial operators \(Q_ n=Q_ n^{(r,s)}: C^ r[-1,1]\to \Pi_ n\) such that for all \(f\in C^ r[-1,1]\), all \(| x| \leq 1\) there holds \[ | f(x)-Q_ n(f,x)| \leq d_{r,s}\cdot \Gamma_ n(x)^ r\cdot \omega_ s(f^{(r)},\Gamma_ n(x)), \] (ii) for \(1\leq s\leq r\) and \(n\geq 4(r+1)\), the same operators also satisfy the inequalities \[ | f^{(k)}(x)-(Q_ nf)^{(k)}(x)| \leq c_{r,s}\cdot \Gamma_ n(x)^{r-k}\cdot \omega_ s(f^{(r)},\Gamma_ n(x)),\quad 0\leq k\leq r-s. \] Here \(c_{r,s}\) and \(d_{r,s}\) are absolute constants depending only on r and s, \(\Gamma_ n(x)=\sqrt{1-x^ 2}\cdot n^{-1}\), and \(\omega_ s\) denotes the sth order modulus of smoothness. In the meantime \textit{Yu Xiang-ming} has shown that certain combinations of r and s cannot occur [Approximation Theory Appl. 1, 109-114 (1985)]. Furthermore, using the operators \(Q_ n^{(r,s)}\) from above and Yu's idea, R. Dahlhaus (Manuscript 1986) has recently solved the problem completely. He proved that for a function \(f\in C^ r[-1,1]\) there exists a polynomial \(p_ n\in \Pi_ n\) satisfying \[ | f^{(k)}(x)-p_ n^{(k)}(x)| \leq c\cdot \Gamma_ n(x)^{r-k}\cdot \omega_ s[f^{(r)},\Gamma_ n(x)),\quad | x| \leq 1, \] c an absolute constant, if and only if one requires \(0\leq k\leq \min \{r-s+2,r\}\).