Fitting structures (Q1080925)

A Fitting structure is an ordered 5-tuple (H,S,\(\phi\),\(\psi\),\(\sigma)\) where H is a semigroup, S is a ring, \(\phi\) is a homomorphism of H into the multiplicative semigroup of all left S-module homomorphisms of the left regular S-module, \(\psi\) is an antihomomorphism of H into the multiplicative semigroup of all right S-module homomorphisms of the right regular S-module and \(\sigma\) is a group-homomorphism of the additive group \((S,+)\) into the symmetric group on H such that if for \(h\in H\), \(s\in S\) we write sh for (\(\phi\) (h))(s), hs for (\(\psi\) (h))(s) and \(h+s\) for (\(\sigma\) (s))(h), then \((s_ 1h)s_ 2=s_ 1(hs_ 2)\), \((h_ 1+s)h_ 2=h_ 1h_ 2+sh_ 2\), \(h_ 1(h_ 2+s)=h_ 1h_ 2+h_ 1s\), \((h+s_ 1)s_ 2=hs_ 2+s_ 1s_ 2\) and \(s_ 1(h+s_ 2)=s_ 1h+s_ 1s_ 2\) for all \(h,h_ 1,h_ 2\in H\) and \(s,s_ 1,s_ 2\in S.\) An envelopment of a Fitting structure (H,S,\(\phi\),\(\psi\),\(\sigma)\) is an ordered triple (R,\(\sim,-)\) where R is a ring, \(\sim\) is a homomorphism of H into the multiplicative semigroup of R and - is a ring-homomorphism of S onto an ideal of R such that for all \(h\in H\) and \(s\in S\) the sum of the image of h under \(\sim\) and the image of s under - is the image of \(h+s\) under \(\sim\). The envelopment (R,\(\sim,-)\) is said to be faithful if \(\sim\) and - are injective. A homomorphism between two envelopments of a Fitting structure is defined in the natural way and an envelopment of a Fitting structure is called universal if from every envelopment of this Fitting structure there is a homomorphism into this envelopment. The main theorem in the paper is that every Fitting structure has a faithful universal envelopment; thus, in some sense, given a semigroup H and a ring S acting on each other, there is a ring containing both of them and satisfying some other conditions. The definitions of a Fitting pre-structure, a continuation of it and a universal continuation of it are defined next and the existence of a universal continuation for every Fitting pre-structure is proved. A sort of representation theorem for every Fitting pre-structure satisfying a ''small'' additional condition is also given. Finally, if (H,S,\(\phi\),\(\psi\),\(\sigma)\) is a Fitting structure and X is a permutation group of degree n, the wreath product \(H\wr_ SX\) of H and X over S, which is a generalization of the standard wreath product \(H\wr X\), is defined and is used to give a description of the group of automorphisms of the direct product of a finite number of copies of a non-abelian group having finite centre and no direct summand.