On a family of ideals of S(X) (Q1083555)
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English | On a family of ideals of S(X) |
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On a family of ideals of S(X) (English)
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1987
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S(X) is the semigroup of all continuous selfmaps of the topological space X. If a family of subsets of X satisfies certain conditions, there is associated with it an ideal of S(X). For example, let \({\mathcal A}\) be a collection of nondegenerate subcontinua of X with the property that if \(A\in {\mathcal A}\), \(f\in S(X)\) and f is injective on A then f[A]\(\in {\mathcal A}\). The collection J(\({\mathcal A})=\{f\in S(X):\) f is not injective on any \(A\in {\mathcal A}\}\) is an ideal of S(X) and families of such ideals are investigated in some detail. In one of the main results, it is shown that if X is a local dendrite, then J(\({\mathcal A})\) is prime if and only if \({\mathcal A}\) is a filter base. All this results in a characterization of the arc as the only (nondegenerate) local dendrite X with finite branch number with the property that S(X) has no prime ideals. This also permits us to produce a large number of local dendrites with finite branch numbers whose semigroups have no largest proper congruence. This is in direct contrast to previous results which describe spaces (including all Euclidean N- cells) each of whose semigroups does have a largest proper congruence.
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semigroup of continuous selfmaps
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filter base
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arc
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prime ideals
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local dendrites with finite branch numbers
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proper congruence
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