The atomic decomposition of \(H^ 1\) in product spaces (Q1084610)

On the polydisk the atomic decomposition of a function in \(R^ 2_+\times R^ 2_ x\) leads to atoms supported in open sets which have further decomposition into functions supported on rectangles. The author shows how to replace the definition of atom for the polydisk while maintaining the atomic decomposition. Motivation comes from the fact that the control provided by an atom on the line may be expressed by the decrease of its convolution with a bump function outside the double of its support. Accordingly the author defines an atom by means of such control. If \(t_ 1,t_ 2>0\), \(x=(x_ 1,x_ 2)\in R^ 2\), \(R_{t_ 1,t_ 2}(x)\) is the rectangle centered at x with sides of length \(t_ 1\) and \(t_ 2\). Denote by \(M_ S\) the strong maximal function of Jessen, Mancinkiewicz and Zygmund \({\tilde \Omega}=\{x\in R^ 2| M_{S^{\chi}\Omega}(x)>1/2\}\) and let F denote a suitably defined family of bump functions, with \(\phi_{t_ 1,t_ 2}(y)=t_ 1^{- 1}t_ 2^{-1}\phi (y_ 1/t_ 1)\phi (y_ 2/t_ 2).\) The first definition of atom is a function a supported in an open set \(\Omega\) for which there is an \(L^ 2\) function A(x) with \(\| A\|_{L^ 2}\leq | \Omega |^{-1/2}\) such that \[ | a*\phi_{t_ 1,t_ 2}(x)| \leq (\frac{| R_{2t_ 1,2t_ 2}(x)\cap {\tilde \Omega}|}{| R_{t_ 1,t_ 2}|})^{10}A(x) \] for all \(t_ 1,t_ 2>0\) and \(\phi\in F\). The second, more intrinsic, definition is that again a is supported in an open set with \(\| a\|_{L^ 2(\Omega)}\leq | \Omega |^{- 1/2}\) and \[ | a*\phi_{t_ 1,t_ 2}(x)| \leq 1/| \Omega | (\frac{| R_{2t_ 1,2t_ 2}(x)\cap {\tilde \Omega}|}{| R_{t_ 1,t_ 2}|})^{10} \] for all \(x\not\in {\tilde \Omega}\), \(\phi\in F\), \(t_ 1,t_ 2>0\). Atomic decompositions are proved for \(H^ 1(R^ 2_+\times R^ 2_+)\) for both definitions and a corollary of the method is a real variable proof that if the S function of f is integrable, so is its nontangential maximal function.