On the range of wave operators (Q1085342)

Consider the nonlinear wave equation: \[ (*)\quad u_{tt}- u_{xx}=g(u)+h(x,t),\quad (x,t)\in (0,\pi)\times {\mathbb{R}} \] \[ u(0,t)=u(\pi,t)=0,t\in {\mathbb{R}} \] \[ u(x,t+2\pi /\alpha)=u(x,t),\quad (x,t)\in (0,\pi)\times {\mathbb{R}} \] where g(s) is a continuous function on \({\mathbb{R}}\) such that \(g(0)=0\) and that h(x,t) is a given (2\(\pi\) /\(\alpha)\)-periodic function of t, and \(\alpha >0\) is a number such that the set \(\{j^ 2-\alpha^ 2k^ 2\); \(j\in {\mathbb{N}}\), \(k\in {\mathbb{Z}}\}\) is a discrete set of \({\mathbb{R}}\). Approximating the problem (*) by the problems: \((*)_{\epsilon}\) \(u_{tt}-u_{xx}+\epsilon u_ t=g(u)+h(x,t)\quad u(0,t)=u(\pi,t)=0;\quad u(x,t+2\pi /\alpha)=u(x,t),\)the author obtains: Theorem 1. Let \(\beta\),\(\gamma\in {\mathbb{R}}\) \((\beta <\gamma)\) be two and consecutive eigenvalues of \(A\equiv \delta^ 2_ t-\delta^ 2_ x\) acting on functions satisfying the Dirichlet boundary condition in (*) and being (2\(\pi\) /\(\alpha)\)- periodic in t. Suppose that there exist numbers \(\delta >0\) and \(\rho\geq 0\) such that \(\beta +\delta \leq g(s)/s\leq \gamma -\delta (| s| \geq \rho)\). Then for all h in a dense subset \(\Sigma\) of \(L^ 2\), (*) has a weak solution u i.e. \(u\in D(A)\), \(Au=Nu+h\) where \(Nu=g(u)\) for all \(u\in L^ 2.\) Theorem 2. In addition to the assumptions of Theorem 1, assume \(\alpha\in {\mathbb{Q}}\) and g(s) (or -g(s)) is nondecreasing. Then the operator Au-Nu is surjective, that is, \(L^ 2=\{Au-Nu\); \(u\in D(A)\}\).