Relations among Iwasawa invariants (Q1086284)

For a prime \(p\), let \(\mathbb Q_{\infty}\) denote the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_ p\)-extension of the rational number field. Consider finite extensions of \(\mathbb Q_{\infty}\) (in the complex number field), called \(\mathbb Z_ p\)-fields by the authors. Let \(K/F\) be a finite Galois extension of \(\mathbb Z_ p\)-fields, let \(E_ 1,\ldots,E_ t\) be intermediate fields of \(K/F\), and put \(H_ i=\text{Gal}(K/E_ i)\). The authors prove that, for the norm idempotents \(\varepsilon_ i=\sum h_ i | H_ i|^{-1}\) \((h_ i\in H_ i)\), any relation \(\sum^{t}_{i=1}r_ i \varepsilon_ i=0\) with rational coefficients \(r_ i\) implies the relation \(\sum^{t}_{i=1}r_ i \lambda_ i=0\) between the Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariants \(\lambda_ i\) of \(E_ i\). The proof makes use of certain characters of the groups \(H_ i\). From this result, analogs of two theorems of \textit{R. D. M. Accola} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 25, 598--602 (1970; Zbl 0212.42502)] on Riemann surfaces are deduced. Moreover, it is shown how a similar result (with \(\lambda^-_ i\) in place of \(\lambda_ i)\) can be obtained from a theorem of \textit{K. Iwasawa} [Tôhoku Math. J., II. Ser. 33, 263--288 (1981; Zbl 0468.12004)], provided that \(p>2\) and \(K\) and \(F\) are \(\mathbb Z_ p\)-fields of CM-type.