Standard bases of perfect homogeneous polynomial ideals of height 2 (Q1086627)

If \(I=\sum_{t\geq 0}I_t\) is a graded ideal in the homogeneous ring \(A=\sum A_t\) over a base field \(k=A_0\), a ``standard basis'' \(B\) for \(I\) is a minimal system of homogeneous generators for \(I\). In this context \(\alpha(I)\) is the least degree of a member of a standard basis for \(I\), \(\nu_t(I)\) is the cardinality of \(B\cap A_t\) and \(\beta(I)\) (when it exists) is the largest integer such that \(\cup_{t<\beta}I_t\) has a nontrivial common divisor. Let \(H(A,-)\) denote the Hilbert function of \(A\). If \(m=\dim(A)\), then for sufficiently large \(t\), the \(m\)-th difference \(\Delta^mH(A,t)=0\). Let \(\sigma =\sigma (A)\) be the least integer such that \(\Delta^m H(A,\sigma -1)\neq 0\) but \(\Delta^m H(A,t)=0\) for \(\sigma\geq t\). The author studies the function \(\nu_t(P)\) for height 2, perfect homogeneous ideals \(P\) in \(K(n+2)\), the ring of polynomials in \(n+2\) variables over the field \(K\). He gives (Theorem 2.1) upper and lower bounds in terms of \(\Delta^n H(K/P,-)\) and \(\beta(P)\). The estimates given are shown (Theorem 2.3) to quickly imply and extend Dubreil's inequalities \((\nu_p\leq \alpha (P)+\beta (P)-\sigma (P)+1\leq \alpha (P)+1)\). In (3.3) the author demonstrates the remarkable sharpness of the estimates by constructing for each feasible set of integers \(n\), \(\beta\), and sequences \(H\), \(\{\nu_t\}\), an ideal \(P\) in \(K(n+2)\) such that \(\Delta^n H(K/P,-)=\Delta^n H\), \(\beta (P)=\beta\) and \(\nu_t(P)=\nu_t\) for \(t\geq 0\). The examples are monomial ideals, given by an explicit construction. The author provides illuminating examples (3.4), (3.8) to demonstrate the implementation and utility of the construction. It is shown (4.1) that if the cardinality of the base field is sufficiently large and \(n\geq 1\) the construction can be adapted to produce radical ideals.