On \(w^ *\)-continuous cosine operator functions (Q1087817)

This paper presents some results on the dual theory, the infinitesimal comparison, and the ergodic theory of a strongly continuous cosine operator function \(C(\cdot)\) on a Banach space. The dual theory, which is studied in section 2, is similar to that of a \((C_ 0)\)-semigroup. In section 3, we try to interpret the infinitesimal relations between two cosine functions \(C_ 1(\cdot)\) and \(C_ 2(\cdot)\) in terms of the relations between their generators \(A_ 1\) and \(A_ 2\). The following are proved: (1) \(D(A^*_ 1)\subset D(A^*_ 2)\Leftrightarrow \top C^*_ 2(t)x^*-C^*_ 1(t)x^*\| =O(t^ 2)\) \((t\to 0)\) for all \(x^*\in D(A^*_ 1)\); when * is deleted, only ''\(\Rightarrow\)'' holds; (2) \(D(A_ 1)\subset D(A_ 2)\) and \(A_ 2-A_ 1\) is bounded on \(D(A_ 1)\Rightarrow D(A^*_ 1)=D(A^*_ 2)\) and \(A^*_ 2- A^*_ 1\) is bounded on \(D(A^*_ 1)\Leftrightarrow \| C_ 2(t)- C_ 1(t)\| =O(t^ 2)\) \((t\to 0);\) (3) If \(\| C_ 1(t)\| \leq e^{wt}\) and \(\| C_ 2(t)\| \leq e^{wt}\), \(t\geq 0\), then \(\| (\lambda -A_ 2)^{-1}-(\lambda -A_ 1)^{-1}\| \leq c\) \((\lambda >w^ 2)\Leftrightarrow \| (\lambda - A_ 2)^{-1}(C_ 2(t)-C_ 1(t))(\lambda -A_ 1)^{-1}\| \leq cw^{-1}(te^{wt}-w^{-1}(e^{wt}-1)).\) Section 4 contains some ergodic theorems for \(C(\cdot)\) and \(C^*(\cdot)\). Among them are: (4) \(C(\cdot)\) is strongly ergodic (i.e. \(t^{-1}S(t)=t^{- 1}\int^{t}_{0}c(s)ds\) strongly converges as \(t\to \infty)\) on a Grothendieck space X if and only if \(\| S(t)\| =O(t)\) \((t\to \infty)\), \(t^{-1}C(t)S(u)\to 0\) strongly for all \(u>0\), and \(w^*- cl(R(A^*))=\overline{R(A^*)};\) (5) On a Grothendieck space with the Dunford-Pettis property, every strongly ergodic \(C(\cdot)\) is uniformly ergodic, and every strongly continuous \(C(\cdot)\) is uniformly continuous.