On a problem of Yamamoto concerning biquadratic Gauss sums (Q1092096)

In 1965 \textit{K. Yamamoto} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 219, 200-213 (1965; Zbl 0133.293)] derived four relations between Gaussian sums with biquadratic residue characters mod p and generalized Bernoulli numbers for primes \(p<4 000\) satisfying \(p\equiv 1 mod 4\). He proposed the question whether these relations were always true. By means of a formula due to \textit{C. R. Matthews} [Invent. Math. 54, 23-52 (1979; Zbl 0414.10036)] the present author examines these assertions for \(p<1 000 000\) with the help of an electronic computer, and he finds counter-examples to three of the stated relations. Moreover, a proof of the fourth conjecture is sketched.