Counterexamples in the theory of orthogonal series (Q1093119)

Let \(\{\gamma_ k(x)\}\) be a sequence of functions orthonormal over a given measure space. For a given sequence \(\{a_ k\}\), let \(\{s_ n(x)\}\), \(\{\sigma_ n(x)\}\) denote respectively the sequence of partial sums and of (C,1) means of the series \(\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}a_ k\gamma_ k(x)\). It is known that, if (*) \(\sum^{\infty}_{k=1}a^ 2_ k<\infty\), then, almost everywhere, \(s_ n(x)=o(\log n)\), and \(\sigma_ n(x)=o(\log \log n)\). Here we consider results in the opposite direction. Taking as the measure space the interval (0,1) (with Lebesgue measure), it was proved by \textit{L. Csernyák} [Period. Math. Hung. 6, 267-272 (1975; Zbl 0276.40002)] that if \(\{a_ k\}\) is positive non- increasing and if (*) is false, then there is an orthonormal sequence of step functions such that \(\limsup_{n\to \infty}| s_ n(x)| /\log n=\infty\) almost everywhere. In the present paper, it is proved that if \(\sum^{2^{n+1}}_{k=2^ n+1}a_ k\) is non-increasing and if (*) is false, then there is an orthonormal sequence of step functions such that, almost everywhere, \(\limsup_{p\to \infty}| 2^ p(x)| /\log p=\infty,\quad \limsup_{p\to \infty}| 2^ p(x)| /\log p=\infty.\)