Algebraic approximation of mappings into spheres (Q1094487)

From MaRDI portal
scientific article
Language Label Description Also known as
English
Algebraic approximation of mappings into spheres
scientific article

    Statements

    Algebraic approximation of mappings into spheres (English)
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    1987
    0 references
    This paper is concerned with approximation of differentiable mappings into spheres by polynomial or rational regular functions (in the \(C^{\infty}\) topology). Let \(X\subseteq R^ n\) and \(Y\subseteq R^ p\) be real algebraic sets. Denote by \({\mathcal R}(X,Y)\) the set of rational maps \((f_ 1/g_ 1,...,f_ p/g_ p)\) between X and Y such that \(f_ i^{-1}(0)\cap X=\emptyset\) for \(i=1,...,p\). \({\mathcal E}(X,Y)\) is the set of smooth maps with \(C^{\infty}\) topology. Theorem 1: For each \(n\in {\mathbb{N}}\), and for \(k=1,2,4\), \({\mathcal R}(S^ n,S^ k)\) is dense in \({\mathcal E}(S^ n,S^ k).\) Theorem 2: Let X be a compact non singular real algebraic set and let f be a smooth map from X to \(S^ k\). If \(k=1,2,4\) the following conditions are equivalent: (1) f can be approximated in \({\mathcal E}(X,S^ k)\) by elements of \({\mathcal R}(X,S^ k)\); (2) f is homotopic to an element of \({\mathcal R}(X,S^ k).\) Theorem 3: (as corollary of a more general theorem on maps between X and \(S^ 1\) and relations between the homology and algebraic homology groups of X): Let X be a non singular compact real algebraic curve; then \({\mathcal R}(X,S^ 1)\) is dense in \({\mathcal E}(X,S^ 1).\) Theorem 4: Let X be a non orientable compact connected real algebraic surface. Then \({\mathcal R}(X,S^ 2)\) is dense in \({\mathcal E}(X,S^ 2)\) if one of the following conditions holds: (1) there exist a non singular algebraic curve \(C\subset X\) such that {\#}\({}_ 2(C,C;X)=2\) \((=\) the modulo 2 self-intersection number of C in X); (2) \(H_ 1^{alg}(X,Z_ 2)=H_ 1(X,Z_ 2);\) (3) the genus of X (as a smooth surface) is odd. The authors give also many examples.
    0 references
    approximation of differentiable mappings by real rational maps
    0 references

    Identifiers

    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references
    0 references