Hölder-type norm inequalities for Schur products of matrices (Q1095991)

A norm \(\| \cdot \|\) on \(M_ n\), the set of \(n\times n\) complex matrices, is called unitarily invariant if \(\| UAV\| =\| A\|\), for all unitaries U and V. There is a one-to-one correspondence between unitarily invariant norms and symmetric gauge functions \(\phi\) on \({\mathbb{R}}^ n_+\), given by \[ (1)\quad \| A\| =\phi (\vec S(A))=\phi (S_ 1(A),...,S_ n(A)), \] where \(\vec S(A)=(S_ 1(A),...,S_ n(A))\) is the n-tuple of eigenvalues of \(| A| =(A^*A)^{1/2}\), arranged in nonincreasing order and repeated according to multiplicities. Let \(\| \cdot \|_{\phi}\) denote the norm induced by \(\phi\) as in (1). For \(A,B\in M_ n\), let \(A\circ B=[a_{ij}b_{ij}]\) denote the Schur product of A and B. The author first proves the following Hölder-type inequalities: For any triple \(\phi_ 0\), \(\phi_ and\phi_ 2\) of symmetric gauge functions the following are equivalent: (i) \(\phi_ 0({\vec \xi}\cdot {\vec \eta})\leq \phi_ 1({\vec \xi})\cdot \phi_ 2({\vec \eta})\), (\({\vec \xi},{\vec \eta}\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n_+)\), (ii) \(\| AB\|_{\phi_ 0}\leq \| A\|_{\phi_ 1}\cdot \| B\|_{\phi_ 2}\), \((A,B\in M_ n)\), \((iii)\quad \| A\circ B\|_{\phi_ 0}\leq \| A\|_{\phi_ 1}\cdot \| B\|_{\phi_ 2},\quad (A,B\in M_ n).\) Let \(\| A\|_{\phi_ p}=\| | A|^ p\|_{\phi}^{1/p},\) for \(1\leq p\leq \infty\). Then \(\| \cdot \|_{\phi,p}\) is again a unitarily invariant norm and it satisfies the Hölder-type inequality \(\| A\circ B\|_{\phi,p_ 0}\leq \| A\|_{\phi,p_ 1}\cdot \| B\|_{\phi,p_ 2},\) \((A,B\in M_ n)\), where \(p_ 0\), \(p_ 1\), \(p_ 2\geq 1\) and \(1/p_ 0=1/p_ 1+1/p_ 2\). If \(\phi (1,0,...,0)=1\), then it is shown that \(\| A\circ B\|_{\phi}\leq \| A\|_{\phi}\| B\|_{\phi},\) \((A,B\in M_ n)\); which is a submultiplication property of \(\| \cdot \|_{\phi}\), conjectured by \textit{M. Marcus}, \textit{K. Kidman} and \textit{M. Sardy} [Linear Multilinear Algebra 16, 197-213 (1984; Zbl 0563.15017)].