Multiplikationen mit großen Automorphismengruppen. (Multiplications having a big group of automorphisms) (Q1096024)

Let M denote a set, \(\mu\) : \(M\times M\to M\) an operation called multiplication and \(A:=Aut(M,\mu)\) the set of bijections \(\phi\) of M such that \([\mu (x,y)]^{\phi}=\mu (x^{\phi},y^{\phi})\). The author continues his studies on multiplications [cf. \textit{H. Scheerer} and the author, Math. Z. 182, 95-119 (1983; Zbl 0505.55011) and the literature cited there]. He considers multiplications where A is ``big'' enough, i.e. contains some subgroup G, acting transitively in a specified way, and classifies the possible multiplications for instance in situations described as follows: 1) Let G be a sharply 2-transitive group acting on M. Then there exists \(k\in M\) such that \(\mu (x,y)=x+(-x+y)\cdot k\); \(+\) and \(\cdot\) denote the operations of the underlying near-domain, [cf. \textit{W. Kerby}, On infinite sharply multiply transitive groups (Hamburger Mathematische Einzelschriften, Neue Folge, Heft 6) (1974; Zbl 0291.20039), {\S} 6]. 2) Let M be some affine space over K, K any field (possibly skew), G a 2- transitive group of affinities of M. a) If G contains all translations and its stabilizer of 0 acts primitively on the set of one-dimensional vector subspaces, then \(\mu =\mu_ k\) for some \(k\in K\), where \(\mu_ k(x,y)=(1-k)x+ky.\) b) If especially \(M={\mathbb{R}}^ n\) (n\(\in {\mathbb{N}})\), then differentiability of \(\mu\) suffices to derive \(\mu =\mu_ k\) for \(k\in {\mathbb{R}}\) or \(k\in {\mathbb{C}}\setminus {\mathbb{R}}\); in the latter case n is even, and \(\mu_ k\) is defined using the structure of \({\mathbb{R}}^{n/2}\otimes {\mathbb{C}}\) as a vector space over \({\mathbb{C}}\). In the real case isomorphic multiplications \(\mu_{k_ 1}\) and \(\mu_{k_ 2}\) fulfill \(k_ 1=k_ 2\). In the complex case and in case a) the characterization of isomorphy becomes more complicated. 3) Let M be an affine space equipped with some \(\alpha\)-form, where \(\alpha\) denotes an involutorial anti-automorphism of the underlying field which is assumed to be \(\alpha\)-pythagorean in the sense of \textit{R. Baer} [Linear algebra and projective geometry (1952; Zbl 0049.381) p. 157]. Take \(G=T\ltimes \Omega\), where T is the translation group and \(\Omega\) the group of invertible linear maps which preserve the \(\alpha\)- form. Although in this case G will in general not act 2-transitively, a description of \(\mu\) can be given, using sections of the natural mapping \(K^*\to K^*/\{k\in K^*:\) \(kk^{\alpha}=1\}\). If furthermore M is even a topological affine space, then the continuity of \(\mu\) can be characterized easily. Taking \(K\in \{{\mathbb{C}},{\mathbb{H}}\}\) and \(n>2\), the description of \(\mu\) is already possible assuming \(G=T\ltimes SU_ n(K)\).