Evolution of nonsoliton and ``quasi-classical'' wavetrains in nonlinear Schrödinger and Korteweg-de Vries equations with dissipative perturbations (Q1097417)

Nonlinear Schrödinger equations ``with attraction'' \((NSE(+))\) and ``with repulsion'' (NSE(-)) \[ iu_ t+u_{xx}\pm 2| u|^ 2u=- i\epsilon_ 1u+\epsilon_ 2u_{xx}-2i\epsilon_ 3| u|^ 2u, \] and the Korteweg-de Vries equation \[ u_ t-6uu_ x+u_{xxx}=- \epsilon_ 1u+\epsilon_ 2u_{xx}-\epsilon_ 3u^ 3 \] perturbed by small dissipative terms are considered. Near the linear instability threshold \((\epsilon_ 1=0)\), where the spatially non-uniform \((\epsilon_ 2)\) and nonlinear \((\epsilon_ 3)\) dissipations dominate, explicit solutions that express an amplitude and occupation numbers of a non-soliton (dispersive) wavetrain in terms of arbitrary (generally speaking, non-small) initial data are obtained, at sufficiently large times (when a local amplitude of the wavetrain becomes small), in the logarithmic approximation. The latter means that \(\log (t/t_ 0)\) is treated as a large quantitiy, \(t_ 0\) being a certain time scale. For \(NSE(+)\) a special case of the wavetrain near a soliton-birth threshold is also considered. Influence of the dissipative perturbation on evolution of a ``quasi-classical'' (strongly nonlinear) wavetrain is studied as well. It is demonstrated that for NSE(-) the dissipation can be taken into account in the eikonal approximation, while for the \(NSE(+)\) a perturbation theory based on the inverse scattering transform is relevant. In the latter case, a ``quasi-classical'' wavetrain is represented as a nonlinear superposition of a large number of solitons.