Acceleration of limit periodic continued fractions by the \(T_{+M}\) transformation (Q1098219)

Let w(n), C(n) (n\(\geq 0)\) be two sequences of complex numbers. The relationship \(T(w,C| n)=w(n)C(n+1)+\{1-w(n)\}C(n)\) (n\(\geq 0)\) defines a transformation of the sequence \(\{\) C(n)\(\}\) by use of the sequence \(\{\) w(n)\(\}\). In particular, with S fixed, \(d(C| n)=C(n+1)-C(n)\) and \(e(C| n)=S-C(n),\) use of the sequence \[ w(n)=e(C| n)/d(C| n)=1/\{1-e(C| n+1)/e(C| n)\} \] yields the constant sequence \(T(w,C| n)=S\) (n\(\geq 0)\). If \(\{\) C(n)\(\}\) coverges to \(S,e(C| n)=\sum^{\infty}_{j=0}d(C| n+j).\) Accordingly, with \(p>0\) fixed and \(e(C;p| n)=\sum^{p}_{j=0}d(C| n+j),\) use of the sequence \(w(p| n)=1/\{1-e(C;p| n+1)/e(C;p| n)\}\) and the relationship \[ T(w,C;p| n)=w(p| n)C(n+1)+\{1-w(p| n)\}C(n)\quad (n\geq 0) \] offers a transformation for accelerating the convergence of the sequence \(\{\) C(n)\(\}\) to S. Application of this transformation to a sequence of convergents \(C(n)=b+a(1)/1+...a(n)/1+\) of a continued fraction is investigated. It is shown in particular that if a(n)\(\neq 0\) (n\(\geq 1)\) and, with \(a=\lim a(n)\) as n increases, \(a\not\in \{[-\infty,- 1/4]\cup 0\},\) then with \(p\geq 0\) fixed T(w,C;p\(| n)\) converges to S faster than any sequence \(\{C(n+k)\}\) with \(k\geq 0\) fixed, in the sense that \(\lim \{S-T(w,C;p| n)\}/\{S-C(n+k)\}=0\) \((k=0,1,...)\) as n increases.