Operators with Hermitian resolvent (Q1098394)

For the pseudofifferential operator \(T_{\sigma}: {\mathcal S}\to L^ p({\mathbb{R}}^ n)\) (\({\mathcal S}\) being the Schwartz space) and the complex- valued, measurable function q the space \({\mathcal D}\) is defined to be the set of all functions \(\phi\in {\mathcal S}\) such that \(q\phi\) is in L p(\({\mathbb{R}}^ n\)) and the operator \(T: {\mathcal D}\to L^ p({\mathbb{R}}^ n)\) is defined by \[ T\phi =T_{\sigma}\phi +q\phi. \] If \(\{B_ k\}\) is a sequence of n-dimensional balls with centres \(a_ k\) and radii \(r_ k\) such that \(r_ k\to \infty\) as \(k\to \infty\), and if \[ (1)\quad \frac{1}{| B_ k|}\int_{B_ k}| q(x)| \quad pdx\to 0\text{ as } k\to \infty \] \((| B_ k|\) denotes the volume of \(B_ k)\) for \(q\in L^ p(B_ k)\), \(1\leq p<\infty\), then it is proven that for any closed extension L of T the set \(\{\sigma(\xi)| \xi\in {\mathbb{R}}^ n\}\) is contained in the essential spectrum introduced by Schechter. This suggests the question what happens, if (1) is replaced by \[ \frac{1}{| B_ k|}\int_{B_ k}| q(x)| \quad pdx\to M^ p\text{ as } k\to \infty \] (M being a positive constant). In the case where \(p=2\) Hilbert space techniques, i.e. self-adjointness and the spectral theorem, supply a result. Therefore Wong proposes a definition of self-adjoint unbounded linear operators on Banach spaces. With this definition it becomes possible to state a Banach space analogue of a result of Glazman for operators with Hermitian resolvent. As an application an answer to the above raised question is given.