Some formulae of S. Ramanujan (Q1101142)

The author proves an explicit formula for \(\Phi(a) = 1+2 \sum^{\infty}_{n=1} ((an)^ 3-an)^{-1}\) where a is any rational number \(\neq 0\) and \(\neq \pm 1/N\). Namely for \(a=r/s\) where r and s are positive integers, the main result is \[ \Phi (r/s)=(2s/r)(\log (2r)- 2\sum_{0<j<r/2}Cos(2\pi sj/r)\quad \log \sin (\pi j/r))+2s\sum_{1\leq j\leq s/r}(jr-s)^{-1}. \] The proof is elementary and closely related to Ramanujan's method in Chapter 2 of his Second Notebook. In the case \(a>1\) the essential tool is a formula of Lehmer respecting \[ \gamma (r,k)=\lim_{x\to \infty}(\sum_{0<n<x;n\equiv r(mod k)}1/n-(\log x)/k). \] To verify the formula for \(0<a<1\), the following functional equation will be proved: For any positive integer c \[ \Phi (z/(cz- 1))=(cz-1)(\Phi (z)-2\sum^{c-1}_{k=1}(kz-1)^{-1}) \] is true.