Locally factorial generic Zariski surfaces are factorial (Q1101815)

Let \(k=\bar k\) be a field of characteristic \(p>0\), \(F: z^ p=G(x,y)\subset A^ 3_ k\) be an affine surface; let \(g:=\) degree\((G)\) and \({\mathfrak O}\) be the coordinate ring of F. Suppose that \(G_ x\) and \(G_ y\) have no common factor - then F is normal - and that \(G_ x\), \(G_ y\) and \(G_{xx}G_{yy}-G^ 2_{xy}\) have no points in common - then F has only isolated double points as singularities with local equation \(z^ p=xy+\) higher terms. If F has \((g-1)^ 2\) distinct singularities in case \(p| g\) and has \(g^ 2-3g+3\) singularities if \(p\nmid g\) then F will be called a generic Zariski surface - if G is generic then F is a generic Zariski surface. Using techniques developed in earlier papers [e.g. the authors and \textit{D. Joyce}, J. Algebra 101, 246-250 (1986; Zbl 0627.14001)] the authors show the following: Let \(D=G_ y\partial /\partial x-G_ x\partial /\partial y\) be the Jacobian derivation of G. There exists \(a\in {\mathfrak O}\) such that \(D^ p=aD\) and a(Q)\(\neq 0\) at each singularity Q of F. Let \(H_ Q\) be the additive subgroup of k consisting of the roots of the polynomial \(T^ p-a(Q)T\); thus \(H_ Q={\mathbb{Z}}/p{\mathbb{Z}}\). Let L be the (additive) group of logarithmic derivatives of D. Then the class group of \({\mathfrak O}_ Q\) is isomorphic to \(L/L_ Q\). There is a natural map \(L\to H_ Q\); this map is not the zero map iff the class group \(Cl({\mathfrak O}_ Q)\) of \({\mathfrak O}_ Q\) is isomorphic to \({\mathbb{Z}}/p{\mathbb{Z}}\). This implies (theorem 1.20): If F is locally factorial then F is factorial. Furthermore, the map \(L\to \oplus H_ Q\) where the sum is over the set of singular points Q is an injection. [Reviewer's remark: The paper is also contained in the authors' book: ``Zariski surfaces and differential equations in characteristic \(p>0''\) (1987; Zbl 0614.14011). The letter \(\vartheta\) should be changed to \({\mathfrak O}\) at every appearance, the symbol \(\emptyset\) should be changed to \(\phi\) at many places.]