A property of operators characterized by iteration and a necessary condition for hypoellipticity (Q1102440)

Let \(A(x,D_ x)\) be a formally selfadjoint partial differential operator of order \(m\geq 1\) with coefficients of class \(C^{\infty}\) in a bounded open set \(\Omega\) of \({\mathbb{R}}^ n.\) For \(\sigma\geq 1\), let \(G^{\sigma}({\bar \Omega},A)\) be the vector space consisting of all \(u\in L^ 2(\Omega)\) such that A ku\(\in L\) 2(\(\Omega)\) with \(\| A^ ku\|_ 0\leq L^{k+1}(k!)^{\sigma m}\), for \(k=1,2,3,..\). (where \(\| \|_ 0\) denotes the norm in \(L^ 2(\Omega)\)). If, for an open set \(\omega\subset \subset \Omega\) and for a real number \(\sigma\geq 1\), the restriction \(u|_{\omega}\) of any function \(u\in G^{\sigma}(\Omega,A)\) belong to \(H^{\infty}(\omega)\), then for any open set \(\omega_ 1\subset \subset \omega\) and for any \(\epsilon >0\), there exists a positive constant \(C_{\epsilon}\) such that \[ (*)\quad \| u\|_{\log,\sigma m}\leq \epsilon \| Au\|_ 0+C_{\epsilon}\| u\|_ 0 \] for all \(u\in C^{\infty}_ 0(\omega_ 1)\) (where \(\| u\|_{\log,\sigma m}\) denotes the norm \(\| u\|^ 2_{\log,\sigma m}=\int (\log (2+| \xi |^ 2))^{2\sigma m}| \hat u(\xi)|^ 2 d\xi).\) As a corollary of this first result, the author presents a necessary condition for hypoellipticity: if the operator \(D^ m_ t+A(x,D_ x)\) is hypoelliptic in \({\mathbb{R}}\times \Omega \subset R^{n+1}\) then (*) with \(\sigma =1\) holds for any open set \(\omega_ 1\subset \subset \Omega.\) The present paper is based on the works of \textit{Y. Morimoto} [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 22, 25-30 (1986; Zbl 0616.35018) and ``Hypoellipticity for infinitely degenerate elliptic operators'' (to appear)] and of \textit{G. Métivier} [Commun. Partial Differ. Equations 3, 827-876 (1978; Zbl 0388.35063)].